I'm a new DM and my players are currently in a forest that is covered by this magical fog. They stumbled into this forest at the end of last session, so I haven't been forced to rule it in the moment, thankfully. I was thinking of making the darkness magical in order to increase the spook factor. It's probably important to note that the ranger has darkvision. I also wanted to add some sort of monster that fights the party during night, I was thinking zombies.
My question is; If I put zombies in this forest of darkness, would they be able to see? The reason for the forest to be like this in the first place was from the idea I had for the world, the fact that the Gods all just up and disappeared (they existed physically in the world up until that point). I was thinking that they somehow turned into these environmental phenomena.
So should I rule that the Ranger can't see through the darkness? Also, should the zombies be able to see? Or should I say that the darkness isn't magical, and the fog is the problem for seeing, and that the zombies can see the party at night because of light?

“And for the missing person reports that date back many years, police still have not found any leads to the odd disappearance of multiple people around our little town of Welks, Utah. If police find any new leads, I, Nathan White, will be the first to give you the news.” Nathan White is a small town reporter who is finishing up his final words of the day's news. Charlie Akins, Nathan’s colleague and long time friend is manning the camera. Nathan is your typical guy who never gives up and has the determination of a beaver building its dam. He will take any story he is given and will do his best to make it the best. Charlie on the other hand is about as outgoing as a sloth and so paranoid he can’t go anywhere without thinking the worst, but will never leave his friend’s side. Soon after the two wrap up, Charlie gets a call from their boss who claims to have a new story they could cover. Nathan places their gear in the news van as Charlie walks over. With the way Charlie nervously walks over, Nathan knows something is odd. “So what’s the deal? We got a story or what?” Charlie gets in the driver seat of the van without saying a word and Nathan quickly follows, getting into the passenger seat. As Charlie begins driving, he tells Nathan what their boss had spoken to him about. An old abandoned government facility sits out in the farthest outskirts of the town. It’s in the shape of a dome that’s large enough to house an entire town. There’s no records of anyone ever entering the facility since the 50’s and no one seems to know what it was for. Only thing anyone knows, or suspects, is that it may be cursed or haunted as people who have ever been near it claim to hear screams and voices coming from within. Charlie is hesitant of even the thought of covering the story but continues to drive assuming Nathan will be intrigued. Charlie was correct, of course, as Nathan quickly calls their boss to inform him that they’re checking it out. Without question, Charlie continues driving until they are so far out that Welks is completely out of sight in the rearview mirror. They eventually see a large structure in the distance that they quickly realize is the center of their new story. “Holy shit, Charlie! I’ve never seen this place before and just… Wow,” Nathan says excitedly. “Nathan, I don’t know about this one. Something seems off. Even the boss seemed hesitant to tell me about this place,” Charlie responds. “Come on, Charlie. We’ve always wanted to cover a GHOST STORY.” “No, YOU have always wanted to cover a ghost story. I’ve always wanted to get the hell away from every single person I come in contact with and sleep in my bed.” “Don’t do me like that.” “You know I’ve got your back through thick and thin, Nate. But I’ve seriously got a bad feeling about this one.” “I know but come on, serious-... ly…” Nathan is awestruck by the sight of a large sign on the outer brink of a long driveway leading to the entrance of the dome. The sign reads:
RESTRICTED AREA
ENVIRODOME “WE EXPERIMENT FOR THE SAFETY OF OUR PEOPLE”
SPECIAL ACCESS IS NEEDED BEYOND THIS POINT
Although it was obvious by the city-sized dome in the middle of the desert, this sign fully confirmed they were in the right place. They continue down the driveway until they finally reach a parking lot that lies in front of the only noticeably cube-like design of the entire facility. The parking lot was small, or at least it seemed that way based on how huge the building was. Nathan and Charlie assumed it would be glass, but instead, the decrepit building, now known to be The Envirodome, was made of a strong thick, yet rusted metal. They realized this was most likely by design considering the people who created it wouldn’t have wanted anyone to know what went on inside. Almost the entire building was covered in a thick layer of vines except for the front door. The doors at the entrance were oddly only covered in smaller vine growth that was far more fragile than the rest. Charlie parks the van as an awestruck Nathan barely waits for him to stop and exits the passenger side. Charlie hesitantly follows suit. Nathan reaches the double entrance doors and rips away the vines. He quickly finds the handle of the right door and much to his surprise, it cracks open. “Ooh spooky,” Nathan jokingly says to Charlie. “Shut up,” Charlie snaps back. As Nathan and Charlie open the large metal door and walk inside, they find far more than, yet somehow everything, they had expected. The duo walk inside only to find an entire small community within. Businesses, homes, trees and more fill the miles long dome in all directions, seemingly to no end. “There’s a whole damn town in this place?! How the hell did not a single person know this existed,” Charlie exclaims out of pure shock. “Dude… How the fuck am I suppose to know? That’s why we’re here, remember? To cover the story of this place and get it out to the people…” Nathan sarcastically snaps back. Charlie, nervous as all hell, ignores Nathan as they continue forward in the hopes to find information on this place somewhere inside. They don’t even reach but about 10-15 feet inside before the door slams shut behind them and locks itself into place. Once fully locked, the doors start to change as if there was never a door or wall there at all. It quickly changes into a hyper-realistic hologram of more trees and roads. Soon enough, it looked as if an exit never even existed. Nathan quickly realizes that there seemingly are no walls in any direction. However, realistically and logically, there must be dead ends in all directions, the dome was obviously designed in a special way. Although there was a dome surrounding the town inside, there were still plenty of places Nathan and Charlie could explore. With beautifully green trees all around, houses and even rundown businesses, the entire place looked and felt like a normal little town instead of the inside of a previously government owned facility. Despite absolutely not a single structural flaw in the dome, a small breeze glides through the air, whistling to the ears of any who would listen. Both Nathan and Charlie are confused, yet in awe, by the experience at hand, but still they carry on. Nathan suggests going to the nearest building to search for information as he takes his next steps into the oddly beautiful scenery. Charlie, however, hesitates his next step until he realizes Nathan is already further ahead of him. Trees dance and sway in the cool breeze, grass and vines grow over large rocks and multiple buildings, and even clouds sail through the beautifully blue skies that couldn’t possibly be real but at this point it’s not unbelievable. With so much to admire, Nathan quickly loses focus on the task at hand until Charlie speaks up. “Hey, Nate. Shouldn’t we hurry up and get to wherever the hell we’re going?” “Huh? Oh… Yeah, yeah. Sorry…” Nathan snaps back to his senses and continues forward. As they continue to what seems like a small neighborhood, they notice something in the distant wooded area. It’s a four-legged creature that could be a wolf or coyote. Nathan and Charlie pick up speed as they are unsure of what it could really be and prefer not to be attacked. On arrival to the neighborhood, the two men notice that multiple mannequins are oddly placed around as if they had been living a life. An eerie feeling washes over them as they both become a little more skeptical of being there. Nathan looks back to check on his friend and notices Charlie is visibly paranoid as he looks around. He feels a moment of guilt for making him come here for a story to cover, but that moment was just that. A moment. Nathan quickly nudges Charlie to get him to come with him as he walks up to an open house. As they walk in, they split up. Charlie searches the living room and kitchen. Nathan goes straight to the farthest bedroom in the back. Searching every nook and cranny, Nathan finds absolutely nothing but an old withered bible. He begins to walk into another room when suddenly, Charlie’s voice echoes through the empty hallway. “Holy fuck,” Charlie exclaims. “What’s wrong,” Nathan yells while running into the living room. Nathan finds Charlie holding an old yellowed stack of papers. Charlie hands them to Nathan without uttering a single word. On top is an old document that reads:
Aug. 17, 1953: Testing is ready to commence for Project 718/Operation “SUPER” in the environment dome. However, there are no volunteers for testing just yet.
Aug. 18, 1953: Chief scientist, Dr. Maximus Woods, has volunteered as prime subject under the name: Subject Zero. All tests are now being prepared.
Aug. 20, 1953: Day 1 of testing has started. The Super Serum has been injected into Dr. Maximus Woods A.K.A Subject Zero at approximately 12:53 A.M. It has been hours and nothing has happened thus far.
Aug. 25, 1953: Subject Zero has gained a slight form of telekinesis. Small signs of abnormally quick healing factors have also appeared, taking only a couple of hours to fully heal mid-large wounds made on the subject's body. Tests, so far, seem to be successful with no side effects.
Aug. 30, 1953: Subject Zero has had impressive changes with easy to control telekinesis, rapid healing, and even large amounts of strength.
Sep. 5, 1953: Over the past week, Subject Zero has been undergoing small changes in personality, possibly a slight side effect of the serum. This will be monitored.
Sep. 10, 1953: Subject Zero has become rapidly unstable, showing major signs of insanity. Subject does not seem to realize the environment is simulated and treats test mannequins placed around the environment dome as if they were living beings.
Sep. 17, 1953: Multiple teams have been sent in to try and allow real communication with living beings. However, all teams have been killed by Subject Zero. He also does not allow anyone to retrieve the bodies and it is unclear what he does with them.
Oct. 3, 1953: Subject has become far too unstable to continue any further testing. All research will be abandoned but a small team will remain in the overseer’s office. For full safety measures, this team has agreed that if the facility must be destroyed then they will die with it. This was the intended way in case of emergency. If the facility is self-destructed, no one inside will survive.
“What the hell…” Nathan says fearfully. “Read the newspaper article that’s attached,” says Charlie. The newspaper article reads:
October 3, 1953 Today, the government-run facility, Envirodome, had been shut down after multiple men had been slaughtered at the hands of the company’s very own test subject, Subject Zero. The few men who made it out alive today could not speak of or about the tests done but we were told that their subject is still inside the facility. Test Subject Zero was locked inside only as a safety protocol but many wonder, how long will he remain there?
Upon this discovery, Nathan stops to think and wonders if he screwed up by taking on this story to cover. Nathan, being himself, tries to lighten the mood but before uttering a single word, he is cut off by a rough and deep voice in the distance. The voice now being the only thing to focus on, Nathan and Charlie look out the front windows of the old house and spot the figure of a man playing baseball with a mannequin. Upon further inspection, the man is wearing clothes obviously not of this era. With an old 50’s jacket that is nearly torn to shreds, an old pair of blue jean slacks, a red shoe on one foot and a black one on the other and hair that clearly hasn’t been washed in years, the man is the exact look and description of pure insanity. Not just with his looks but also with his actions, he clearly is not a stable man. In the yard of the next house over, the man is talking and playing catch with a mannequin. “For the last time Jimmy, I’m tired of your shit! Catch the damn ball or at the very least attempt to instead of just standing there,” the crazed man screams as he chucks a baseball at its head resulting in its immediate decapitation. Nathan, with a humor full of bad timing, nearly bursts into laughter. “Shut the fuck up, Nathan! That’s the guy from the document and newspaper article. He’s Dr… Uh… Maximus Woods! Subject Zero! He’s been here since the 50’s,” Charlie fearfully exclaims. “There’s no way in hell, Charlie. The guy doesn’t even look like he’s past his mid-30’s.” “I told you to call me Subject Zero! That old name is dead to me!” The man, now confirmed to be Subject Zero, yells out to another mannequin. “Believe me now, asshat,” Charlie snaps at Nathan. “Shush! What was that?” Subject Zero quickly snaps his attention to Nathan and Charlie’s direction and begins to walk to them. The two men look at each other in fearful confusion and simultaneously say, “oh shit.” Instinctually, Charlie runs out of the house from fear and with a quick, “FUCK!” Nathan follows him. Running out of the house like a couple of preyed upon animals, they run up the street further into the neighborhood. Taking a quick glance, Nathan spots a strange sight. Subject Zero and many other figures are chasing after them. Upon further examination, Nathan realizes that what he’s witnessing is something straight out of a horror movie. The other figures are , in fact, not even humans. They’re mannequins! All the mannequins they had seen back at the other houses are now moving like humans and coming right for them alongside Subject Zero. Nathan is running so fast you could mistake him for a train breaking loose from its tracks, but sadly, Charlie is slowing down, unable to keep up with his friend. Nathan manages to reach a hiding spot behind a dumpster, unintentionally leaving Charlie to await his own horrors as Nathan is nothing but forced to watch. Charlie begins to stumble and trips over his own feet. Soon after, the mannequins catch up to him. Nathan wants to help, but knows he can’t so all he does is watch in horror. Lying on the ground, Charlie gasps for air as the mannequins and Subject Zero surround him. They stare at him for a moment before eventually beating him simultaneously until Charlie is soaked in his own blood, barely alive. Suddenly, they stop. Charlie, nearly lifeless, drags his gaze in Nathan’s direction. He mouths, “GO” before coughing up blood. Nathan holds back tears and vomit as he looks away in guilt. All the mannequins that were once beating the life out of Charlie turn around and scatter before ultimately becoming, once again, inanimate objects. Like a lion searching for its prey, Subject Zero scans the area. With danger nearby, Nathan looks around to find a house with any open doors to attempt to find safety. He spots a nearby house with an open window and decides it's his best option. Without hesitation, Nathan sprints to the window and leaps in like a gazelle escaping its demise. Much to his surprise, he went unnoticed. “I might be insane, but I know I wasn't just seeing double of your little friend here. Where the hell are you,” screams Subject Zero as two mannequins carry Charlie's bloodied, yet still alive, body away. Nathan, afraid, yet determined, locks himself inside the house and sits behind a kitchen counter. He looks up to see if it's safe enough to search the house. Once he realizes it is, he begins to look around. The kitchen is oddly empty. Not a single piece of silverware, plate or food. Out of the entire house, the living room is the best looking part, even though it still looks like a tornado came through it. With hopes of finding something, Nathan scrummages through everything lying on the decrepit wooden floor. After a moment of searching, Nathan notices multiple papers scattered around all dated October of 1953. All the papers say different things about Project ‘SUPER’ and Subject Zero. Although most papers essentially say the same things, one paper stands out the most. It’s a newspaper dated a few days after the imminent shutdown of the facility. October 9, 1953 The project was abandoned and only a few escaped but one former employee of Envirodome decides to speak up about the events. “The main doors may have been closed but they sadly were not locked,” the scientist tells our interviewer, “Oddly, the doors were made to allow people in but not back out unless you went to the overseer’s office and unlocked the main doors. All this means, anyone who decides to go inside without knowing this info will be trapped forever with a psycho maniac. Fortunately, Subject Zero’s insanity affected his mind so badly he doesn’t even realize he’s in a fake little world that’s specially made for him.”
A little further down the same newspaper article it reads:
The former Envirodome employee continues. “All documents will state that Dr. Maximus Woods volunteered to be Subject Zero, but that just isn’t true. We tricked him. You see, we needed someone and Dr. Woods was just this weird scientist that no one really liked. We convinced him that if he volunteered that he would be a hero. Someone who could save our world if the serum worked. He was so happy and we just laughed at him but knew we needed him for the tests. As soon as everything began, it all ended. As he became more and more deranged, he also became more determined to make the serum work. He eventually took living people he kept with him and made his own serum to try and perfect it. But it never worked. It just leads to each person to become crazier and far quicker. He ended up just killing everyone that the serum didn’t work on. God knows what he does to any poor soul that innocently walks into that building and gets trapped.”
With this new knowledge, Nathan knew he fucked up by coming into this beautiful hell. Now filled with dreaded emotions, he gets onto his feet and sets onward through the hallway. As he reaches the beginning of the hallway, the front door is unexpectedly busted down by an already all too familiar figure, Subject Zero. Reacting quickly, Nathan sprints to the farthest back room of the house. Being the master bedroom, it has plenty of space but sadly doesn’t have a lock on the door. Thinking quickly, Nathan slams the door and nervously shoves a large stand up dresser down on its side and in front of the doorway. He knows it won’t hold for long, especially considering, just a mere seconds ago, he witnessed Subject Zero burst a door off its hinges in the blink of an eye. Subject Zero is on the hunt, looking in every room all while Nathan stands in the master bedroom freaking out. Eventually, he comes to his senses and looks out the room's only window. It’s quite a drop below due to the house sitting on a slanted yard. Without hesitation, Nathan prepares himself for his only option. He opens the window and prepares to jump as the door of the room begins to be beaten upon. The door eventually breaks in half and standing on the other side is Subject Zero. Nathan slings himself out the window but it inevitably leads to pain. Nathan, with a possibly broken ankle, stands against the wall to stay as Subject Zero looks through the window wondering how he could lose his only entertainment so easily. Subject Zero eventually angrily wanders off as he cusses at himself. Nathan takes that as his cue to stumble his way into the nearby forest. Nathan manages to make it a decent distance into the forest before stumbling and falling next to a large oak tree. Expecting to be free from danger for at least a while, he relaxes against the tree and closes his eyes. Far too early for assumptions, he hears something and quickly opens his eyes to see Subject Zero’s fist unexpectedly rushing to his face, resulting in a knockout. After a while, Nathan cracks his eyes open, barely able to see. He looks around in a trance until he hears a familiar voice. “Hey, Nate! Nate! Wake the fuck up! I’m not dead!” Nathan fully comes to and looks over to see an upside down Charlie. Confused, he looks at Charlie unsure of what to say. Eventually he speaks. “What the fuck…? Why the hell are you upside down?” Charlie points to Nathan’s feet, revealing he is in fact, the one upside down hanging by his feet. “Oh, fuck… WHAT THE FUCK?!? Get me down, you asshole!” Charlie unties the rope, leading to Nathan falling on his head. Rubbing his head, Nathan gets up with ease, which leads him to wonder why there’s no pain in his ankle. He quickly shrugs it off and looks back at Charlie as he finally realizes the situation. “Wait a damn minute, how the hell are you alive? I saw you get beaten to a pulp.” “Yeahhhh… Well, first off, thanks for leaving me, but I’ll tell you everything I know, just as they did for me.” Charlie points over to a small crowd of people waiting behind the dark shadows of the room. With a short, yet detailed, briefing, he tells Nathan that these people are all the missing people they’ve been reporting about. They all have been curious people who have wandered into the facility but inevitably became a morbid science experiment by Subject Zero. Charlie continues on to tell Nathan that every single one of these people have been injected with a similar serum as Subject Zero but each one is a slightly altered version. “So, let me get this straight… These people have all been injected with the same damn insanity poison as that madman and there’s absolutely no telling who could lose it and kill us with FUCKING TELEKINISIS!” “Yeah, pretty much. But I’ve been told that Subject Zero murders every failed attempt before they hurt any of his other precious test subjects. So far, all he’s done is prolong the insanity effects.” “Charlie, we have to somehow get the fuck out of here.” “We can’t. Do you not understand what I just said?” “Look, I get that these people are innocent but they’re obviously going to be massive dangers to humanity. We can get out of here. I don’t know how but… Somehow!” “Nate! I can’t get out of here.” “What the fuck are you talking about?” Charlie raises up his arm and reveals a small pinprick of a needle in his skin. “Charlie, what is that? No… Wait, you were injected too?” “Yeah.” “FUCK!” “Look, as far as I’m concerned, you haven’t been injected. There’s no needle mark in your skin. YOU could actually get out of here.” “I’m not leaving you behind again, Charlie! It was a nightmare seeing what they did to you the first time.” “Nathan, I -” Suddenly and very unexpectedly, one of the people in the crowd begins to scream from within the shadows. Nathan, confused and afraid, looks over at the man losing his sanity. Within seconds, the man stops screaming as the entire room falls into a deafening silence. The man looks in Nathan’s direction and shines a demonic grin with a stare that could pierce the soul of any mortal man. Knowing the man is coming toward him, Nathan slowly starts backing up against the cold concrete walls. The man, with all new senses, uses his new telekinetic ability to push others from the crowd aside. Charlie, being brave for the first and possibly final time in his life, attempts to stand in the way but is quickly subdued as he’s flung against the wall. Finally reaching Nathan, the man brings his gaze into a full on stare into Nathan’s soul. For Nathan, it’s as if death has come for him. Suddenly, the man’s gaze is ripped away by a familiar face of evil. Subject Zero heard the screams and came to claim his failed experiment. This led to an all-out brawl between the two men. Anyone would describe it in the same way you would if two rabid dogs were fighting over food. One dog gets up after being ripped open and the other gets its face gashed by a hard hitting blow, yet they still fight. Only difference between the two, one is just a dog wanting its food and the other is trained to kill. Suddenly, with a vicious blow, Subject Zero wins the fight when he takes the man’s head and slams it so hard into the concrete floor that his skull cracks open causing blood, brains, and skull fragments to fly over the silent crowd. With one final glance, Subject Zero looks over the entire crowd. He ends his gaze by making sure Nathan is the last to see his devilish eyes. Soon after, he leaves the room and locks the door. Nathan stares at the corpse lying on the ground with a look of pure terror and proceeds to collapse onto the floor while holding back tears. The small concrete room soon fills with despair as everyone watches the tears of pain and fear run down Nathan’s face. Charlie tries to make his long-time friend feel a little more hopeful, although he soon gives up as well until he has a moment of realization. He remembers back to when they first were searching for information he had found an article with some intriguing details. “Okay, so, there may be some hope after all.” “Charlie, what hope is there? Huh?! You’re pretty much fucked and I don’t exactly see a way out of here.” “One of the articles back at the house we were in said something about a self-destruct button. That’s also how you open the main doors. Apparently, no one ever bothered, or I guess, never got the chance to hit the self-destruct timer and run their asses to the door. What if we- I mean, YOU could actually do that?” “Charlie, I already told you I don’t want to leave you behind.” “GOD DAMN IT, NATHAN! I know… FUCK! I know. But I want you to survive. Can’t you just listen to me for once?! I would follow you through hell and back and it kind of feels that way right now. So? Can you just listen to what I want you to do for once while I’m practically on my deathbed?!” “Okay! Okay…” Suddenly, an unexpected chance of escape arrives at their feet. Subject Zero and a few of his mannequins walk in to remove the mutilated corpse from the room. Unexpectedly, one of the people in the crowd begins to scream out in pain just like the other man did moments ago before his demise. “Oh, great…” Subject Zero says irritatedly. Soon after, multiple others begin to scream out in pain until eventually the entire crowd follows suit. Nathan, and somehow Charlie have not been affected. The room quickly becomes engulfed in a hurricane of insanity. This leads Subject Zero and the mannequins to getting distracted by the madness and accidentally leaves the door open. Subject Zero quickly gets attacked by everyone in the room but he holds his ground firmly. Nathan knows this is the perfect chance to escape and signals Charlie to come with him. Charlie hesitantly comes along but right as they reach the door Nathan turns to hear the sounds of Charlie going through the worst pain of his life. Nathan looks in confusion but quickly realizes he’s about to have to accept his friend’s fate. Nathan refuses to accept it, but he knows he needs to. Charlie suddenly lunges at Nathan and uses his last act of sanity and control to push him out the door. “Get. To the button. Please.” “Charlie, I- I’m-” “I’m sorry…” Charlie finally snaps and is engulfed in pure raging insanity. He lunges at Nathan but before he reaches him, Nathan, with teary eyes, slams the door onto his friend, turns, and begins running out into the seemingly vast wilderness. As he runs, Nathan hears the cries of a dozen men and women as they get ripped apart. Knowing that among them is his best friend, Nathan begins to cry as he continues to run away from his previous hell.
End of Part 1.

"Damn it!" Subaltern Gallos cursed. "Remind me to shoot that signals tech when we get back. Four lights my ass - that DropShip was carrying an Awesome and a Catapult!" He spoke into the TDF's general channel, alerting his lance mates to the situation they found themselves in. His Wolverine 6K was commanding the TDF force protecting this planet - a light weight lance consisting of a Phoenix Hawk that was currently down for repairs, a Wasp 5D, and a Grasshopper 5H. The three units up and running were alerted by the space port control tower that an unknown DropShip had appeared in scope, and was burning hard for the river deltas with an estimated 145 tons of BattleMech. The intelligence indicated an unknown Mercenary force consisting mostly of lights on a raid of the chemical plants.
That was not the case.
Gallos scanned the broken terrain he was quickly racing towards. Ahead of them, the 80 ton Awesome was cresting a large hill, dominating the landscape, and his battle computer indicated that a Catapult was off to the west of the Awesome. They seemed to be maneuvering to cover each other. He opened a general channel, "Unknown Awesome, you are intruding on the Taurian Concordat. Identify yourself and power down your BattleMech."
"You realize that won't work right?" Amanda drawled over the line, as she wove her Wasp deftly through the trees and foliage. The lonely static on the general line proved her right. Gallos decided not to respond to her inquiry. She was not expecting a reply.
"We've got this!" Thomas was a gun ho MechWarrior, and his Grasshopper had been his father's, and before that his grandmothers. Legend had it she had taken it from a pirate after pinning his hand to a wall with a machete and convincing him that his other hand was worth the activation passcodes. Thomas could be equally convincing when needed.
Both seemed eager, so Gallos raised his Mech's hand to signal engagement. This was met with the Awesome firing at extreme range to boil armor off his left leg. Gallos stumbled forward while he and Thomas responded with their large lasers. "Amanda, go around get in his rear!"
"On it boss!" Amanda sounded almost cheerful, as her Wasp leapt over the rough terrain, it's powerful Jump Jets letting it easily cross everything.
"Okay, we're going to force our way forward, keeping the Catapult on the other side of these hills."
"Sounds good!" Thomas advanced forward, his missiles following his laser. They were landing occasional hits on the Awesome.
The return fire was devastating, stripping armor off of the Grasshopper followed by LRMs from the Catapult. "Oh crap! I'm losing armor quick!" Thomas called out.
Gallos made a decision. The Catapult had to go down. "Break away Thomas! Fall back and circle around. Amanda, back him up!"
Both machines turned on a dime and shot off to north west. The Awesome was struggling to advance forward over the rough terrain, and Gallos bee lined around a large hill. His plan was to keep the Awesome interested and aware he was a threat. Thanks to the long range of the engagement, his heat was beyond manageable. Clouds of steam rising over the hills indicated the Awesome was also dealing with it's own heat. Gallos observed his two MechWarriors engage with the Catapult.
Amanda was leaping from cover to cover, expertly dancing her away over the terrain firing occasionally with her medium laser. Landing on a hill, she turned to fire her laser at the Catapult as it struggled through the water, and it fired all four of his back, as well as three PPC shots from the Awesome. Twisting and leaning to the side, Gallos knew that she grinned as every shot missed her and their attention caused them to ignore the Grasshopper. The two of them managed to get the Catapult out of the water, and their firing and maneuvering caused him to ignore the rough terrain and trip.
Gallos knew that the Catapult would be finished so he moved forward to engage the Awesome, who had anticipated this and had turned to face him. Swearing quietly he lifted his laser and fired, followed by medium lasers and SRMs - to be met with a brutal two PPCs. Pounded back on his heel, he lost his balance and fell, stripping armor from his left arm and smashing his head into the neurohelmet.
A few seconds later, as he struggled to fall back through the forest, PPC shots tearing up the terrain around him, the blasts stopped and the general channel opened up, "Subaltern Gallos, we are offering to end hostilities and withdraw if you wish." An unknown and gravely voice asked. They did not identify themselves, and Gallos struggled to identify the accent. He checked his computer, and saw that the Catapult had been savaged - the left arm completely destroyed, and the LRM with it. No BattleMech was worth missile propellant.
Gallos spit the blood out of his mouth and opened the channel. "Granted. Withdraw. And don't come back."
The Awesome said nothing. It just turned and marched away, the Catapult limping behind it, left torso a gaping wound from Amanda's surgical precision with her lasers. He switched back to the TDF channel, "Alright, let's get home."
***
This was a fun game, but it wasn't Alpha Strike! No one played it who showed up! So what I was hoping was going to be an Alpha Strike game was a regular CBT game! My opponent was new, but had two helpers. He had an Awesome (3/5) and a Catapult (4/5). I had all 4/5 pilots in a Wasp (medium laser, two small lasers, 1 flamer variant), a Wolverine 6k (Large laser, no jumps), and a stock Grasshopper.
This was a rough fight. That Awesome had range and accuracy, even when calling indirect attacks for the Catapult. My armor was being stripped away for most of the game, which was about eight turns.
He was absolutely afraid of my Wasp getting behind him, however, and that ended up giving me an advantage. He kept his Awesome back and moved his Catapult forward by turn 4. That allowed me to maneuver my Wasp across the board with the Grasshopper (now missing a huge amount of armor) and beat down his Catapult. I couldn't hit the broadside of a barn with my Grasshopper, but I was able to land some powerful hits with my Wasp, stripping away rear armor, taking out their LRM, and a Jump Jet.
To do that I had to push my Wolverine into a man-to-man knife fight with the Awesome, which was brutal on the Wolverine. I lost a ton of armor, but no crits, fell down, and managed to take a pilot hit. Thankfully I was able to stumble back into shelter.
Out of time, and with his Catapult facing certain destruction, he requested a retreat which the Taurians were willing to grant.
This battle came down to two factors: 1) initiative. I won more than I lost, allowing me to better control the terrain; 2) Maneuvering. This was a terrible map for both of us, but my two jumpers gave me an advantage here. I could respond to their movement, and choose my terrain. I lost initiative four turns in a row and had to retreat backwards for a while, but that actually worked in my favor as he moved his Catapult into a bad position - expecting to win initiative again. I knew where he was going to go, moved appropriately and was able to savage his catapult.
Amazing game. All introtech. CBT is so much fun even at the introtech level.

I believe that in a fair straight up fight with no distractions, interference and the same prep time Luffy could beat Katakuri. If you look at how much Luffy has on his plate during the fight not just with worrying about his crew and making sure they don’t worry about him. There is also interference from people on Katakuri’s side from getting hit with sleeping darts fighting in a stage that a member of the big mom pirates has control over but that but he is also under time pressure to finish the fight despite the already unfavourable conditions. Luffy had also had a lot less time to recover and prepare than Katakuri did Luffy had to save sanji and sanji’s family also took on a few side objectives like steal a copy of big moms road ponoglyth but also then took on the task of help help begie kill big mom which failed due to the destruction of the wedding cake. He also in only 4 days of getting to the main island is constantly fighting with almost no rest, he fights the forest souls then general cracker and his infinite cracker army then with not even an hours sleep has to make tough decisions after tough decisions he goes to see sanji takes a beating and waits there fighting 2 army’s over another day with no food before getting dirty filthy leftovers from sanji and then him and nami are eventually captured by the big mom pirates he tries to rip off his arms jinbe frees them by setting there prison on fire they go through another tough run regrouping Luffy agrees to help sanji save his family and then finally goes into negotiations with benji. If that was hard to read due to lack of punctuation, that’s how much time is between his first challenge on the main island and his first break from either fighting starving or trying to do too many things with his crew at maybe %30 strength with mostly the weakest members of his crew. He now has 6 hours of rest before he has to negotiate with benji and his crew. Not to mention after they crash the wedding fail the assassination and bearly escape to there ship they also have to deal with the loss of pedro an incoming full strength yonko crew and here is where Katakuri shows up to take on the straw hats Luffy has to hide the fight so his crew don’t worry about him and focus on survival. Not to mention Katakuri is a enemy Luffy know nothing about and that Katakuri is well informed from the moment Luffy gets on the main island plus Katakuri get the jump on the straw hats and puts Luffy in a tough spot. If all these factors are removed and they both have no info on each other I think Luffy could beat Katakuri he already had the basic knowledge and instincts of observation haki he could have figured out advance observation haki and even if he didn’t figure it out with more focus on the fight he definitely could have overcame Katakuri as he showed that even when hurt and tired he still kept pace with Katakuri and he was doing that without adv obs haki.

On May 26th, 1977, a call was made from a payphone in Lebanon, Oregon. Though having just shy of 20,000 residents, the city still possessed a small town charm that made members of the community feel safe and at ease. Crime was far from the first thing on their minds.
That day, 15 year old Karen Lee was the one at the phone booth. She'd been talking to a friend about her plans, and the exciting recent developments in her life. She was running away, going far from her hometown of Hillsboro, destined for the crystalline beaches of California. She certainly wasn't alone-- her friend, Rodney Grissom, a year her junior, was coming along. They had planned to start new lives in the Golden State, leaving behind their troubles in Oregon. As many did in those days, they were banking on the kindness of random strangers to get them there. Karen, however, felt lucky in this regard, as she had found someone to drive the two of them down south.
"Our ride is here. I have to go."
With these words, Karen hung up the phone. She would never be seen or heard from again.
Even as late as early June, the famous Oregonian rain falls in abundance. That spring was no exception, and for the next few days, a suspicious sort of mist blanketed the thick forests. It choked the narrow logging roads and the two-laned highways snaking their way through the uneven topography. By the time the rain stopped, and the hot summer sun beat down on the drying earth, both Karen and Rodney were long gone. They had been declared missing, but to say that investigators had their work cut out for them would be an understatement. Even excluding the dense Oregon backwoods surrounding Lebanon, the teenagers could have been absolutely anywhere.
It would take until the arrival of fall for any progress whatsoever. On November 7th, 1977, a logger making his way through a remote patch of woods in Linn County came upon a strange discovery. He approached the object, which was obscured by thick overgrowth, and realized that it was a bundle of clothing, tied together with rope. With the clothing were also other items, including a shoe, pieces of tattered but still legible paper, and a blanket. Wisely, the logger reported his findings to the local authorities.
The items were found to belong to Karen, who at this point has been missing for months. Of course, the whole thing struck detectives as strange. Particularly a striking detail-- her denim jeans had been intentionally cut in several locations. A whole four years later, Rodney's clothing and personal effects would be found only a quarter of a mile away-- his jeans, blue jacket, wallet with identification, and a wristwatch that had stopped at 4:50 on the 27th (which month and what exact time are unclear, but logically some apparent connections can be made). A custom made backpack was never found.
That's where the investigation left off, and it has remained frozen since then. No remains or any indication of the ultimate fate of Rodney and Karen have been discovered, but it is assumed that they are deceased. But there are some promising theories as to what happened on the fateful spring day.
In 1976, a police report fell on deaf ears after complainant failed a polygraph test and was judged to be of ill repute. We now know how unreliable polygraphs are, and we also know how implicit biases can lead to police failures and victims being left to fend for themselves. Such was the case here. Marlene Gabrielson was an indigenous woman. She was found to be drunk when she was brutally sexually assaulted by a stranger, and this disgustingly was held against her. And she failed a polygraph while her rapist passed with flying colors. All these factors led to the authorities abandoning Marlene, treating her reprehensibly instead of supporting her as she deserved. The attack on Marlene was perpetrated by a serial offender-- a highway mechanic named John Arthur Ackroyd. During the assault, Ackroyd had used a hunting knife to slice Marlene Gabrielson's clothing in an eerily similar way to how Karen's clothing was later found.
It was also similar to how the clothing of a young jogger by the name of Kaye Turner was cut. Turner's skeletonized remains were found near the town of Sisters, Oregon. The man who discovered those remains was none other than John Arthur Ackroyd, who collected the reward money. Ackroyd's stepdaughter, Rachanda Pickle, would later go missing, as would two other teenage girls whose skeletons were later found on the Oregon coast. Apart from the methodical cutting of clothing, there was another thread that bound these victims to one another. That was, of course, Highway 20, the long, sinuous highway stretching from the Pacific Ocean to the Idaho border. An unidentified set of remains was discovered off the highway in 1976. Other women disappeared along this highway in the decades that Ackroyd spent haunting it like a specter, before his arrest for the murder of Kaye Turner in 1992.
John Arthur Ackroyd is dead, having died of natural causes in prison several years ago. He proclaimed his absolute innocence until the very end, refusing to disclose any information whatsoever. But for what it's worth, Rodney's mother believes that Ackroyd was her son's killer. As a methodical and organized predator who is highly suspected of committing a similar double murder in 1992, he was certainly capable of such an act. Furthermore, though Ackroyd in 2013 pled no contest to the murder and sexual abuse of his own stepdaughter, Rachanda Pickle, her remains have never been located. Ackroyd was very familiar with the dense forests surrounding Highway 20, which he had been traveling his entire life. It isn't difficult to see how Karen and Rodney's remains still haven't been recovered. But until that happens, there's no way to even begin tying Ackroyd to the crime. But my belief is that Ackroyd was a more prolific serial killer than we will ever know, responsible for many rapes and murders across Oregon from the 1970s until the 1990s.
Two innocent lives-- full of hope, full of promise, full of excitement for the future. Cut short by the actions of a stranger who took advantage of their situation. Though we'll likely never know what truly happened that day, we can only hope that with advancements in technology at some point true justice and closure will be delivered.
Additional Reading:
https://projects.oregonlive.com/ghostsofhighway20/marlene/
(Ghosts of Highway 20 is an excellent work by The Oregonian that goes more into Ackroyd's crimes)
https://charleyproject.org/case/rodney-lynn-grissom
https://namus.nij.ojp.gov/case/MP12090

Hello there. If you are like me, you might also be a bit allergic to all the guides out there, that start with "please hit like and subscribe", followed by 10 minutes of chatter around what you need help with, for something that could`ve taken 30 seconds to explain.
With that out of the way, welcome to my No-BullS#$t guide to Soulmask, outlining everything I`ve learned in 80 hours playing on a server rented from G-Portal.
I am going to assume that everyone is somewhat accustomed to the bare basics of the game and how it plays so I will stick to only highlighting things that I learned myself.

1 There are 5 Tribes: Claw, Flint, Fang, Outcasts and Plunderers.

-Everyone can be deterred except Plunderers and Elites (The ones with a unique name and a silver border around their health bar).
-The Claw tribe has the best overall fighters for every weapon school
-The Fang tribe specializes in Remedies, healing and Poisons (Alchemy) so they make for great Alchemists overall, but do very well in relation to ranged combat so make for decent companions, if you prefer having a ranged helper along, they are good for this.
-The Flint tribe are supposedly the clever ones who are all about evolving and furthering their tribe's development so naturally, they make for great crafters.
-The outcasts don`t belong to any tribes and their stats as such are completely random. You can find great ones of course but expect a lower chance of finding what you need, compared to if you were chasing the more specialized tribes.

2 Proficiencies of barbarians go from 1-125+ in each respective school and what they have is based on a lot of factors as well as the low chance of them being a uniquely titled barbarian that can give them various perks outside of the proficiencies themselves.

-The level of the deterred barbarian ONLY affects what the overall proficiencies start at when you deter them and the higher the level the better the proficiency, the level also affect their attributes.
-Source: Personal experience after deterring roughly 800 Barbarians and while I know the pool isn`t very big, but it is high enough for me to be positive that the level of a deterred barb does not affect their max proficiency level, only what it starts at.
-Labourers are great at the collection of materials: Logging, Mining, Harvesting
-Craftsmen: Any crafting, completely random which ones they are given. Also supposed to unlock various tribes medium/advanced clothing and costumes if they are found in a fortress(Only 3 fortresses at the minute.) Potentially bugged right now though as I`ve deterred 50+ Craftsmen of varying levels from Novice to Master Craftsmen in a Flint fortress with 0 unlocks as of yet).
-Porters: Good at working the Kiln and or Furnace but they are also Great at transporting large quantities of items over longer distances as their weight limits are different and they have positive traits that affect how having more weight makes them move faster etc. (Unlocks the first tribe clothing too. Level 20-25 area barracks)
-Well-made DOCs sheet showing the various difference between the tribes as well as the Perks and Traits people have discovered thus far. Thank you to fatheals for sharing it with us, albeit I do not know the owner and creator of the sheet so if anyone knows and can share that with us, I`d like to add them as well.
Tribe Differences
That`s it for now, if there`s anything else you want to know, just ask in the comments and I will add it to the guide too. But these are some of the things I see being asked the most, so instead of commenting in each post and repeating myself, I will update this one with new info.

3 Mysterious Tisane, dropped by bosses will reset the attributes of your main aka the Vagrant Novice character, but the Mysterious body shaping pill will reset the attributes of any of your deterred tribesmen.

-I have been informed there is a server setting that changes this, letting you reset the attributes of your deterred tribesmen much earlier in the game, effectively making the Mysterious body shaping pill a completely irrelevant addition to the game, so the choice is yours. Make the game easier earlier and or play it the way it`s "meant" to be played. Whatever the choice, as long as you are comfortable and happy with it, that`s all that matters.

4 The Basic Portal that you can craft yourself will not let you teleport to unlocked teleporters, only to other basic teleporters. (Please for the love of god change this.)

Is important to note that you can only teleport with whatever is currently on your action/hotbar and it will not bring anything in your inventory when using this discount portal they`ve provided us with unless you turn on Custom Supply Portal in the right-hand Menu in the server settings.

5 Cooking is one of the most important proficiencies in the world of Soulmask.

-I would highly recommend you get someone who`s good at it and put points towards output when selecting bonuses as they improve.
-You can have 7 different buffs active at any one time. 3 Meals, 2 Drinks, 1 Medical and 1 "unhealthy" one in the Cigar. Types of buffs: Staple Food, Recreational, Beverage, Vegetable/Fruit, Meat, Medical Potion and finally a Cigar.
Thank you u/fatheals & u/tadian for the info.

6 Armor & Weapon crafting

-For traits, select Durability for 30-60 respectively and then Quality once you hit Iron as this is the point where levelling starts to slow down and moreover, you will unlock the Sabre tooth Armor at Awareness 40 once you kill the Berserk Sabre-toothed Predator which is a recommendation to everyone and when crafting the gear it will inherit the stats of the Iron Armor that goes into it. Hence you want to make sure it`s as good as possible as this will be the best Armor you will have access to for quite a while.

7 Modifications make a huge difference

-All these mods you keep looting in chests from barracks and dungeons are not useless, even if the numbers may seem small they make a massive difference so use them.
-Having multiple Armor sets with different mods on them will be a benefit, even though it is grindy. Having one with Heat, Cold, Poison and Radiation protection will be the difference between surviving or dyeing.
-Repairing a Weapon or Armor WILL remove the MOD that is on them, so keep this in mind. Repair first, then put on the mod of choice.
-IMPORTANT: You can in fact have EVERY single mod that fits in each respective category on a single piece of Armor, this includes but is not limited to every resistance for example: Poisonproof, chill proof, heat proof and so on.

8 The hunting Gallery is VERY useful.

-It will show a lot of useful info about the local wildlife and enemies you encounter so I recommend having a look if you are struggling with a specific enemy, perhaps you`re just using the wrong weapon to fight it?.
-One good example of when it helped me was in my first Ancient Ruin Dungeon/Holy Ruin where I encountered an enemy type that took essentially 0 damage until I threw a Corrosion bomb on them so use it and you will find that while doing the classic Unga Bunga works, sometimes. Having a bit more tact does come in handy.

8 Farms inside Barracks & Fortresses

-These farms are incredible if you are looking to get resources for either food and even crafting by way of cotton, needed for a lot of various crafts. What is important to note here is that these farms, IF you empty them out, leave and return at a later time, the crops may actually change. The availability of what they can change into, seem to be dependent on what you find in the chests within the Barracks and or Fortress. In the Flint Tribe fortress, I have collected everything except for Cactus out of their farms.

9 Unlocking Tribe Costumes and Armor

-The first three sets can be unlocked by Deterring the Porters in each respective low-level barrack.
-The higher tiered ones can be acquired by deterring craftsmen from Fortresses, albeit. I have yet to unlock a single one, even after numerous deters and full tames, so this might be something that the devs will need to look into, so if you`ve been chasing it as well, know that you are not alone friend.

10 My Co-Op Server setting, aimed at smaller communities, only the options we`ve changed from their defaults.

-You can open the server settings by hitting the "tilde"-key next to the 1 on the Keyboard for QWERTY keyboards, followed by typing in: gm key "your admin password" and then hitting ENTER
-Right-side options are all active besides Spawning monsters and barbarians whilst a player is inside a barrack. PVP, Friendly fire, Cross-Server and applying output multipliers to the special items.
-General: Barb Taming speed 2.5, Proportion of Daytime 0.8, Tribe recruitment limit 100, Mood increase 1.5, Mood Reduction 0.5, Personal animal Quantity 20. The chest drop level is special in that we tested this out, but changing it will bug certain chests, keeping them from respawning loot over time so we left it at 0.
-EXP & Growth: Awareness, character and mask is 3. Proficiency, Collection, Craft, Monster-Kill and Other Exp multipliers are all 2.5, Kill EXP sharing 1. Max awareness 60.
-Output & Drops are all set to 1.5, Crop growth, Crafting Speed. Chest Drop multiplier, Animal growth and hatching speed are all 2.
-Building: I turned off Building Decay because we hate that mechanic, but if I notice people stop playing I`ll turn it on to clear up the map.
-Refresh: Vegetation Respawn Speed 1
-Combat: Dmg against wildlife 1.3, Dmg from wildlife 0.7, Wildlife quality 2, not touched PVP.
-Consumption: Durability 0.5, Repair reduces the durability 0.2, I don`t want people to craft a single set of items and just endlessly repair it with 0 drawbacks so this is a decent median and whilst I can appreciate some enjoy having 0 durabilities, it adds a little extra and will keep you from just staying out and makes you have to prepare a little before bigger outings which I like. At the end of the day, tweak it as you see fit.
-Invasions: Has seemed fine so far, just remember that there are barriers in the game for a reason, albeit not that needed in lower-level zones.

11 Zone Progression by Level

-Eastern Rainforest, typically where you spawn in and start your journey, followed by the Western and Northern Rainforest, the last two zones scale from 10-25 with level 25 Mobs and Barbarians respectively can be found in the Barracks for tribes located there.
-Mangrove is next which is across the water to the south-west of the Western Rainforest which introduces a lot more "aquatic life" and makes for pretty rough base locations, so it is not really recommended as a spot of operations, but there are some tablets to pick up here though for those adventurous enough.
-Next, we`ll continue heading west into the three zones that all have monsters and Barbarians of varying levels from 21-30+ in the Rocky Bottomland, The Wild and finally Pit Hill. These three places make for decent locations if you are looking to build either a second base and or maybe just an outpost?.
-From here we head North and into the Table Mountains where the level range is 30 - 40, however further to our west is a median zone and one of my recommended locations for your second base if you are 35 and closing in on 40 as the weather is very temperamental and it gets pretty chilly, so you`ll want to have access to the Air Heater(Awareness 40) but you WILL make due if you have level 2 Cold mod on the clothing for your tribesmen to stave of the cold. The zone in question is called the Lakeside Forest(26-35) and west of that is also the Jungle Cave which is a poisonous hellscape with Poison dart frogs, scorpions and other creepy crawlies but also the best place for Iron Ore. The Lakeside Fores also houses the Flint Tribe Fortress, where the levels go up to 50+, so not recommended to go in if you`re lowleveled here as they will turn you into a pincushion very quickly but it`s an excellent place to gather good crafters and labourers later in the game.
-North of the Table Mountain is the Plateau Woodland, sharing a level range of 31-40, I have not explored it a lot but it seems like a rather boring locale for a base, but it holds a dungeon where you need Awareness 40 to enter, so it`s worth exploring once you hit that threshold, just make sure you come WELL prepared.
-We continue our adventure north into the Giant Wood Forest and Great Prairie and honestly, I am considering making a base on the Prairie as it`s beautiful and full of life but some of the enemies here are terrifying, so I won't go there unless I have the resources to make barriers around the entire base first.
-We are now going into the last of the northern regions and reaching the initial level cap of 50 in the Southern Wasteland where we are now dealing with enemies in the 41-50 bracket, sometimes even above. Don`t consider this a base location unless you are ready to deal with the radiation but it`s a cool locale with very varied flora and fauna. You will also find the Fang tribe has it`s Fortress in this area, so it`s definitely worth the adventure.
-Now you are more or less getting towards the end of your journey but if you look at the map, there`s a lot of fog west of the desert as well as the far south of the Jungle Cave and The Wild where we went earlier in our adventure. First is the Volcanic Forest 41-50, which is due southwest of the Wild, followed by the Barren Meadow 41-50+ just South of the Jungle Cave and finally the Scorching Volcano in the bottom left of the map with a whooping 46-55 level range and let me tell you. Unless you have Heat protection here, you will die in seconds the closer you get to the Volcano and you can in fact get inside the volcano as it has an expansive underground system to explore.
-The last zone is the Dark Fores, Frostleaf Grove, Frost Canyon and Alpine Land all of which are as of yet, unexplored by myself, but perhaps someone else can offer some insight about these areas for us?.

12 How to determine if a Barbarian is worth deterring before engaging.

-Press "Y" to open up your Mase nodes tree. Once your Core Functional Module has been activated, continue going right till you reach Perception Enhancement and then the linked node called Quality Assessment. With this node repaired, you`ll be able to view more detailed information about both the Wildlife and the Barbarians, their titles and their potential are among some of the things you can see.
-This should help you find your preferred Barbarians to deter, but keep in mind that nothing is final as there is still a lot of RNG involved and getting the perfect barbarian is still something that we`ll all be chasing for a long time, but best of luck to you all.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THE AWARDS and SHARES.
Please, if you have anything you would like to be added to it then this is the place, let's make our own little lexicon for those who come after.

The general premise of my story so far is that a young man is isekaid to the Pokémon world after succumbing to toxic gas inhalation. He dies a hero, having pulled half a dozen people out of the building before he collapsed- but he still dies. (Part of his arc is going to be realising why 'heroes' don't tend to live too long, unless they learn when to let people go.)
He's then dropped onto a volcano, and taken in by a pack of Salazzle. (He's young enough to be considered a kid by them, and in this fic Salazzle operate by hyena rules, so they're mostly chill with him.)
The issue is that I can't decide between having it set in Hoenn, and him being dropped on Mt Chimney, or him being dropped on Mt Stark in Sinnoh. Here's my main points:

1. Magma and Aqua are going to be the main antagonist teams, and Zinnia is going to play a large part in the story. If the story is set in Hoenn, then their normal plans unfold. If its set in Sinnoh, then the story is set after their plans fail, and all three of them are instead trying to use Spear Pillar to achieve their goals. Archie is interested in Dialga, to reverse time and restore his idea of the "natural" world before humans gained power. Maxie is interested in Palkia, who could change the natural habitat to make it more favourable to humans. Zinnia is still trying to summon Rayquaza, but hopes that an even higher tower will work better than Sky Pillar (Which went very poorly.)
2. If set in Hoenn, no other evil teams are involved. If set in Sinnoh, Team Galactic IS involved, and serves as a contrast, showing that although they are villains, both Maxie and Archie are acting out of personal grief, not heartlessness. (Both are horrified at Cyrus when their teams clash.)
3. At some point, the protagonist is unable to cope with the humans around him, and runs off into the wilderness. If in Hoenn, he runs into the forest and bonds with a group of Lucario. If in Sinnoh, he runs into the icelands- he still bonds with Lucario, but it's a far greater challenge, and icy landscapes scratch a real itch in my mind. Additionally, his fire-type Pokemon at the time has to learn to hone their powers far more than they would in a forest.
4. Though they don't yet have a defined place in my story, the Champion will at some point be involved. I do love Steven, and he's a joy to write, but Cynthia steals hearts by breathing. She's an INCREDIBLY iconic character and it could be even more fun to write her.
5. If he's dropped on Mt Chimney, then he'd spend some time at Flannery's gym, and bond with both her and her Grandfather. As the protag just got a fire-type Pokémon, this could be incredibly helpful for his development.
6. If he's dropped on Mt Stark, though, he'd head down to the resort. This would likely result in me making some more OCs, which can be a bit hit-or-miss, but he could get some advice from a wide variety of sources. ALTERNATIVELY, since Flannery is stated to be looking for Heatran, she could also be hanging around the resort, and have her still be present.
7. I don't have a very strong preference of professors, but I do like Birch more than Rowan. This may be other pokefics colouring my view, but Birch feels warmer and more friendly to me, which would suit the story better,
8. In terms of the map- I'm honestly not sure which I prefer. I'm an artist first and foremost, so the setting is quite important to me. Lavaridge town is my favourite area in Hoenn, and could be a great home base, but the Sinnoh icelands (And Mt Coronet) are something that Hoenn has no equivalent for. However, Hoenn has a cozy, vibrant feel that I REALLY like. While the story can get bleak, the overall vibe is warm and hopeful, and I feel like Hoeen suits that more.
9. Zinnia and the Draconids are quite a large part of the story. If set in Hoenn, the protagonist eventually gets to see the Draconid caves for himself, and Zinnia is far more sure of herself. If set in Sinnoh, Zinnia is affected greatly by being homesick for her clan, and is far less confident after already failing to call Rayquaza once. I think I like her more subdued characterisation more- she's still reeling from being rejected by Rayquaza, and that makes her more nuanced. Also, with the meteor approaching, she's becoming more desperate by the day.

My current leaning is towards Sinnoh in terms of plotline- the idea of Archie, Maxie, and Zinnia having already failed their plans once could add dimension to their characterisation, and the plot would be far more complex with three different evil teams to keep track of (As well as being less predictable, since it wouldn't follow the games.)
However, Hoenn takes the edge for the cozy factor, and for the beginning. The protagonist coming down from Mt Chimney and chilling in Lavaridge for a while is an introduction I really quite like, and I don't think I like the resort as much in vibes.
So this text wall is my current thoughts. Now I ask- what region do you think would be better? Do you think having so many evil teams could add complexity, or just get too messy? Especially when Team Galactic, who is meant to be the main villains, isn't the main focus?

'Rubidium Dynamic Lights' (version: 1.20.1_v1.6.0) 'Mowzie's Mobs' (version: 1.6.4) 'Alex's Mobs' (version: 1.22.8) 'Amendments' (version: 1.20-1.2.3) 'Connectible Chains' (version: 1.0.0) 'GeckoLib 4' (version: 4.4.5) 'Just Enough Items' (version: 15.3.0.4) 'FirstPerson' (version: 2.4.1) 'Visual Workbench' (version: 8.0.0) 'Callable Horses' (version: 1.3.0.1) 'Immersive Aircraft' (version: 1.0.1+1.20.1) 'Sophisticated Core' (version: 0.6.22.611) 'Gpu memory leak fix' (version: 1.20.1-1.8) 'Rubidium (Embeddium)' (version: 0.7.1) 'Sound Physics Remastered' (version: 1.20.1-1.1.2) 'Create' (version: 0.5.1.f) 'Falling Leaves' (version: 2.1.0-beta.1) 'Structory' (version: 1.3.5) 'Xaero's World Map' (version: 1.38.8) 'Integrated API' (version: 1.5.1+1.20.1-forge) 'Citadel' (version: 2.5.4) 'MixinExtras' (version: 0.3.6) 'Make Bubbles Pop' (version: 0.2.0-forge) 'Sophisticated Backpacks' (version: 3.20.5.1044) 'MidnightLib' (version: 1.4.2) 'Ice and Fire' (version: 2.1.13-1.20.1-beta-4) 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1.3.146) 'Amplified Nether' (version: 1.2.5) 'Highlighter' (version: 1.1.9) 'betterfpsdist mod' (version: 1.20.1-4.4) 'Kotlin For Forge' (version: 4.11.0) 'Iceberg' (version: 1.1.21) 'Flywheel' (version: 0.6.10-7) 'Quark' (version: 4.0-454) 'Xaero's Minimap' (version: 24.2.0) 'Gravestone Mod' (version: 1.20.1-1.0.15) 'CommonGroovyLibrary' (version: 0.3.3) 'Zeta' (version: 1.0-16) 'Diagonal Fences' (version: 8.1.4) 'EntityCulling' (version: 1.6.5) 'Canary' (version: 0.3.3) 'betterchunkloading mod' (version: 1.20.1-4.3) 'Spawn Animations' (version: 1.9.4+mod) 'Soul fire'd' (version: 3.2.1.0) 'Eating Animation' (version: 5.0.0) 'Architectury' (version: 9.2.14) 'Cupboard utilities' (version: 1.20.1-2.6) 'Puzzles Lib' (version: 8.1.20) 'Observable' (version: 4.4.1)'Rubidium Dynamic Lights' (version: 1.20.1_v1.6.0) 'Mowzie's Mobs' (version: 1.6.4) 'Alex's Mobs' (version: 1.22.8) 'Amendments' (version: 1.20-1.2.3) 'Connectible Chains' (version: 1.0.0) 'GeckoLib 4' (version: 4.4.5) 'Just Enough Items' (version: 15.3.0.4) 'FirstPerson' (version: 2.4.1) 'Visual Workbench' (version: 8.0.0) 'Callable Horses' (version: 1.3.0.1) 'Immersive Aircraft' (version: 1.0.1+1.20.1) 'Sophisticated Core' (version: 0.6.22.611) 'Gpu memory leak fix' (version: 1.20.1-1.8) 'Rubidium (Embeddium)' (version: 0.7.1) 'Sound Physics Remastered' (version: 1.20.1-1.1.2) 'Create' (version: 0.5.1.f) 'Falling Leaves' (version: 2.1.0-beta.1) 'Structory' (version: 1.3.5) 'Xaero's World Map' (version: 1.38.8) 'Integrated API' (version: 1.5.1+1.20.1-forge) 'Citadel' (version: 2.5.4) 'MixinExtras' (version: 0.3.6) 'Make Bubbles Pop' (version: 0.2.0-forge) 'Sophisticated Backpacks' (version: 3.20.5.1044) 'MidnightLib' (version: 1.4.2) 'Ice and Fire' (version: 2.1.13-1.20.1-beta-4) 'Distant Horizons' (version: 2.1.0-a) (this one came out today, but i used 2.0.1 before and still had the same spikes) 'Memory Leak Fix' (version: 1.1.5) 'Puzzles Access Api' (version: 8.0.7) 'Forge' (version: 47.3.0) 'Spelunker's Charm' (version: 3.6.0) 'The Twilight Forest' (version: 4.3.2145) 'Supplementaries' (version: 1.20-2.8.11) 'Embeddium' (version: 0.3.19+mc1.20.1) 'Integrated Dungeons and Structures' (version: 1.9.3+1.20.1) 'Diagonal Blocks' (version: 8.0.5) 'When Dungeons Arise' (version: 2.1.56.1-1.20.1) 'Tectonic' (version: 2.3.5a) 'Minecraft' (version: 1.20.1) 'Farmer's Delight' (version: 1.20.1-1.2.4) 'Useful Spyglass' (version: 0.6.1) 'Horse Combat Controls' (version: 1.20.1-1.0.1) 'Alex's Caves' (version: 1.1.4) 'Physics Mod' (version: 3.0.14) 'Moonlight Library' (version: 1.20-2.11.31) 'AmbientSounds' (version: 6.0.1) 'Mouse Tweaks' (version: 2.25.1) 'GroovyModLoader' (version: 4.0.9) 'MixinSquared' (version: 0.1.1) 'Jade' (version: 11.9.3+forge) 'Do a Barrel Roll' (version: 3.5.6+1.20.1) 'CreativeCore' (version: 2.11.30) 'Chunky' (version: 1.3.146) 'Amplified Nether' (version: 1.2.5) 'Highlighter' (version: 1.1.9) 'betterfpsdist mod' (version: 1.20.1-4.4) 'Kotlin For Forge' (version: 4.11.0) 'Iceberg' (version: 1.1.21) 'Flywheel' (version: 0.6.10-7) 'Quark' (version: 4.0-454) 'Xaero's Minimap' (version: 24.2.0) 'Gravestone Mod' (version: 1.20.1-1.0.15) 'CommonGroovyLibrary' (version: 0.3.3) 'Zeta' (version: 1.0-16) 'Diagonal Fences' (version: 8.1.4) 'EntityCulling' (version: 1.6.5) 'Canary' (version: 0.3.3) 'betterchunkloading mod' (version: 1.20.1-4.3) 'Spawn Animations' (version: 1.9.4+mod) 'Soul fire'd' (version: 3.2.1.0) 'Eating Animation' (version: 5.0.0) 'Architectury' (version: 9.2.14) 'Cupboard utilities' (version: 1.20.1-2.6) 'Puzzles Lib' (version: 8.1.20) 'Observable' (version: 4.4.1) 

Our primary source for time travel in the Mario canon is Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time, since it explores the concept of time travel in the most depth out of all the games. Other games involving time travel as plot points are Yoshi's Island DS, Yoshi's New Island, and Mario's Time Machine (the latter of which isn't canon). Dr. Mario World, as well as any Mario Kart or Mario sports-games featuring Baby Mario alongside adult Mario imply some sort of time travel involved. To understand how time travel works in the Mario universe, we first need to examine how Time Holes, the primary means of time travel in Partners in Time, work.

How Time Holes Connect Two Points in Time

Time Holes don't lead to a fixed point in time. If they did, the following examples would happen:

• Mario & Luigi travel to Yoshi's Island through the Time Hole leading there. They destroy Sunnycide, deactivate Yoob, and retrieve the Cobalt Star Shards. They return to the present using the same Time Hole. If they jumped into the same Time Hole again, they sequence would effectively be reset: Sunnycide still exists, Yoob is still online, and the Cobalt Star Shard is still in Baby Bowser's. This duplicates the Shards, creating a time paradox. If there is only a single timeline, it also duplicates Mario & Luigi (effectively creating 4 more Bros with each repeat visit), making them meet each other.
• Mario & Luigi travel through a Time Hole from the present to the past. When they return from there, they would emerge from the Time Hole in Peach's Castle of the present immediately after entering it, since no time passes in the present while they are in the past. This is not implied to be the case, as Professor Elvin Gadd usually remarks when the bros return that some amount of time has passed ("Hey now! Back at last!", "About time you boys showed!"). The shop in Peach's Castle also stocks up on wares periodically, implying that time needs to pass between shippings.
• Mario & Luigi travel to Toadwood Forest through the Time Hole leading there. They get their Cobalt Star Shards stolen by Baby Bowser, who escapes to Yoshi's Island. Mario & Luigi return to the present and travel to Yoshi's Island through the Time Hole leading there. If all Time Holes connect to the same point in time, Baby Bowser is still at Toadwood Forest and not on Yoshi's Island when Mario & Luigi arrive there.

From this we can infer that Time Holes do not lead to a fixed point in time. Rather, they seem to connect two points in time, but these points are still affected by the same flow of time. This means that the same amount of time passes in the past and present. Let me demonstrate with another example:

• Mario & Luigi travel through a Time Hole from the present to the past. In the present, the date is November 28, 2005, and the Time Hole sends them back exactly 20 years. They arrive in the past on November 28, 1985. They spend 2 days there, until November 30, 1985, before returning to the present through the Time Hole. They arrive in the present on November 30, 2006, as the same two days have passed in the present while they were away in the past.

This eliminates the previous errors that would arise with Time Holes connecting to fixed points in time and adds up with what we see in the game. Time Holes don't lead to a fixed point in time. Rather, they send anything that passes through them to a point in time relative to the point in time when the Time Hole was entered, the amount of time travelled through being fixed. I propose to call this fixed amount of time travelled through the Time Hole the Time Hole's depth (THd). The Time Hole from the above example would then be 20 years deep.
We can assume that Professor E. Gadd's time machine works by opening its own Time Holes, travelling through them, and then closing them again. This is supported by E. Gadd stating that the Time Holes used by Mario & Luigi in the game have appeared due to the time machine's return tearing holes in the time continuum. These Time Holes seems to be equal in depth to the time hole initially opened by the time machine at the start of the game, and it's reasonable to assume the machine can be used to set the depth of a the Time Holes it opens, at least as long as it is powered by the Cobalt Star. When E. Gadd appears in the past with the time machine after Mario & Luigi defeat Elder Princess Shroob, he states that he has "engineered it to run off energy from the time holes", raising the possibility that it can only open Time Holes equal in depth to the already existing Time Holes while not powered by the Cobalt Star.

How Temporal Interference Affects Causality

Now that we've cleared up how Time Holes connect two points in time, we start trying to explain how time travellers from the present can change the present by interfering with the past. For this, we look at how E. Gadd's memories are rearranged after the eruption of Thwomp Volcano. Mario & Luigi put out a fire in E. Gadd of the past's lab using the Baby Pump technique. Past E. Gadd witnessing this event leads E. Gadd's memories to be rearranged. The E. Gadd of the present notices this a THd after the event happens. Present E. Gadd then invents the Hydrogush 4000 as a result.
Thus, Mario & Luigi cause the course of history to change with their actions in the past. In a fixed timeline, changing the course of history is not possible, so the only options left are a dynamic timeline or a multiverse. However, since time travel in PiT is limited by the depth of the Time Holes linking the past and present, there is another parameter to factor in. It is generally assumed that when the course of history is changed, that change takes place immediately and universally. However, since time continues to pass at the same rate in the past as in the present, the change might also take place in real time over the depth of the Time Hole. This presents us with four possibilities for how a change in the course of history affects the present:

	Change in course of history doesn't create an alternate universe	Change in course of history creates an alternate universe
Course of history is changed immediately and universally	A: The present and everyone's memory is adjusted as if the course of history had always been as changed.	B: The course of history and the present in the original universe are unchanged. The present and everyone's memory in the alternate universe is according to the changed course of history.
Course of history is changed only at the point in time when its cause happened, taking place in real time from this point, until the past catches up to the present	C: The present and everyone's memory is adjusted over time relative to the THd and according to the state of the course of history.	D: The course of history and the present in the original universe are unchanged. The present in the alternate universe does not yet exist.

Comparing these possibilities, we can compare them to what happens in the game and rule out three of the four possibilities.

• Possibility A would cause present E. Gadd to be unaware that his memories have been rearranged, because he would not be able to remember a time where his memories hadn't yet been rearranged. This can be ruled out because E. Gadd is aware of his memories having been rearranged.
• Possibility B would cause the memoires of present E. Gadd in the alternate universe to be the same as in possibility A, which has been ruled out.
• Possibility B and D would cause the memoires of present E. Gadd in the original universe to be unchanged. This can be ruled out because E. Gadd's memories are changed.
• Possibility D would cause present E. Gadd in the alternate universe to not yet exist.

This only leaves possibility C. It could be argued that this possibility would not immediately provide the present E. Gadd with enough of a change in memory to experience the sudden flash of inspiration that he does in the game, prompting the following question:

• Why would past E. Gadd not immediately construct the Hydrogush 4000 if this event had inspired him that much?

It can be assumed that not the memory of this event alone causes the sudden inspiration in present E. Gadd, but rather the combination of that memory and his later memories that past E. Gadd did not yet have (memories of constructing F.L.U.D.D. being a possible example).
From this we can conclude that an action in the past changing the course of history will cause it to change from that point forward and from a point exactly a THd afterwards, without creating an alternate universe. So time travel in the Mario universe operates on a special form of dynamic timeline. To explain this a bit clearer, I will demonstrate it using an example:

Gary the Goomba is presently 40 years old. He lives in Hollijolli Village, is missing a fang, and is married to Gina the Goomba. Until Gary was 20, he had lived in Toad Town with his family. When Gary was 20, he had just built his own house in Toad Town. When Gary was 25, lightning destroyed his house and prompted him to move to Hollijolli Village. When Gary was 30, he lost one of his fangs in a sledding accident in Hollijolli Village. When Gary was 35, he married Gina, whom he met in Hollijolli Village.

In the present, Mario & Luigi travel through a Time Hole that is 20 years deep. They meet 20-year-old Gary who has just finished his house, but can't afford to install a lightning rod, so they kindly give him enough coins to do so, changing the course of history. When Gary is 25, his house is struck by lightning, but it isn't destroyed, so Gary keeps living in Toad Town. When Gary is 30, he doesn't have an accident because he doesn't live in Hollijolli Village to go sledding. When Gary is 35, he doesn't marry Gina because he doesn't live in Hollijolli Village to meet her.
Exactly 20 years after Mario & Luigi change the course of history, when Gary is 40, Gary's memory is rearranged to remember Mario & Luigi giving him some coins when he was 20 and him using them to install a lightning rod on his house. When Gary is 45, he suddenly remembers that his house in Toad Town wasn't destroyed. However, he also recalls living in Hollijolli Village for 20 years because of lightning destroying his house, albeit more hazily, as he does not remember the original memory and this memory is only constructed from recalling the original one over the last 20 years. When Gary is 50, his missing fang somehow reappears in his mouth, as if had never been gone. He recalls missing it for 20 years. When Gary is 55, he is not married to Gina. The two of them still have all the memories they shared together in the last 20 years. When Gary is 60, he can recall a clear timeline from when he was 20 to when he was 40, just as he always could from his birth to age 20, but has conflicting memories between age 40 and now.
As you can see from this example, the new past quite literally catches up to anyone affected by the change in the course of history. What we don't know is what happens when all the Time Holes are closed. The course of history could continue to change until caught up with the present or it could cease changing.

How Time Travel Works in Yoshi's Island DS, Yoshi's New Island and Mario's Time Machine

Before the events of Yoshi's Island DS, in the present time, Kamek's crystal ball foretells that seven powerful stars fell during the time period in which the game takes place. Him and Bowser travel to the past in order to obtain these stars. We don't see any direct effects this time travelling has on causality, as this event is never mentioned again by any of the characters. However, an assumption can be made about the means by which Kamek and Bowser have travelled to this time. Bowser's Castle in this game notably features an adult Bowser's emblem on its front, which implies that it was built for an adult Bowser, likely in the present time. Even more interestingly, the castle features a large clock face on its central tower, giving off the impression that the entire castle is able to travel through time. Whether this is accomplished in the same way as E. Gadd's time machine or by some other means is unclear. At the end of the game, the castle explodes as it falls from the sky and Kamek, Bowser, and Baby Bowser are seen escaping by flying away. If the castle is indeed the time machine used by Kamek and Bowser to travel to this time period, its destruction could leave the pair to be stranded in this time period for an indefinite amount of time.
Yoshi's New Island notoriously gives us the line "Suddenly... warping through time and space... King Bowser appears!" without any further explanation for why or how Bowser has travelled to this time period. The game takes place immediately after the original Yoshi's Island, so it must take place before YIDS (in which Baby Mario seems familiar to Yoshi), and this couldn't be a stranded Bowser from that game. On top of that, Mario himself has also travels to this time period, donning the guise of Mr. Pipe, providing indirect help to Yoshi. Why Mario would act in secret instead of taking direct action like he does in PiT is and how he travelled through time is also a mystery.
While not canon, in Mario's Time Machine, Bowser travels to the past using a machine called the Timulator to steal artifacts from all over the world. Depending on the game's version, the Timulator either opens a portal to a certain point in time or travels to a certain point in time, taking passengers with it. The destination to which the Timulator can send a user is determined by inputting a location's name, a four-digit date and whether that date is BC or AD. The Timulator can't send a user to travel to every point possible to be inputted in it, sending them to the Cretaceous Period or back to the present if the destination is incompatible. The Timulator seems to be limited to destinations on Earth. Notably, Mario worries about history being changed forever by the artifcacts stolen from their time periods, so changing the course of history is possible. with no alternate universes created by it. We see history books missing certain words, but not all of their information as an effect of the changed course of history, which would lead to believe that the 'delayed' form of a dynamic timeline does apply as well. However, the causality of how exactly these items would change history in this specific way is dubious in most cases.
None of these examples directly contradict the time travel mechanics constructed from Partners in Time.

Potential Plot-Holes in Partners in Time Caused by Time Travel

Returning to PiT, two questions that are frequently brought up while discussing the game are the following:

1. Why do Mario & Luigi not seem to remember the Shroob invasion?
2. If the Shroobs conquered the Mushroom Kingdom in the past, then why do the Shroobs not control the kingdom in the present?

These two questions can be answered as follows:

1. Mario & Luigi were too young to remember any of the events properly. Adults are usually unable to recall memories of specific events experienced before the age of 3.
2. The Shroobs were eradicated by a force other than the time-travelling bros during the unchanged course of history.

There is, however, a question which is much more glaring, yet not as frequently discussed:

• Why do the citizens of the Mushroom Kingdom not seem to remember the Shroob invasion?

The characters most importantly affected by this are Toadsworth (and by extension Peach) and E. Gadd. How could anyone ever agree to sending the princess back in time to a point where a historical cataclysm befell the Mushroom Kingdom less than 25 years ago if they had even an ounce of historical knowledge? I certainly would not travel back in time to 1986 to visit Chernobyl.
This question can't be answered under the assumption that the Shroob invasion was a normal historical event. The invasion must have been either of the following:

• A conspiracy covered up by mass-revisions in history. People directly involved in the event like Toadsworth, Kamek, or Bowser would have to be silenced in regard to the invasion.
• A course of history that itself is different from the original one, caused by time travelling to the past.

Since the first option would require a level of control over the population of the Mushroom Kingdom that seems next to impossible, the following theory presents itself:

• The Shroobs had been using time travel themselves.

The Time Travelling Shroob Theory

We have already established that when the course of history is changed, the changed historical events are rewritten in real time from that point on, with people in the present only remembering what has already been rewritten up to the same point exactly a THd before the present. The beginning of the Shroob invasion coincides almost perfectly with Peach and the time machine's arrival in the past. Thus, nobody remembers the invasion prior to the point a THd after it begins to warn the princess of her voyage to the past. The sudden memories being rearranged might also be what causes Toadsworth to fall into a state of shroomshock.
This simply offers an explanation for why the Shroob invasion had been unknown by the entire populace of the Mushroom Kingdom prior to the events of PiT. Following this, I will outline arguments that point towards the Shroobs being able to use time travel:
In the final battle against Elder Princess Shroob, she is shown to have the ability of opening Time Holes at will herself. She uses this to shoot down Shroob saucers to fall into the Time Hole and later remerge from it as a means of delayed attack. It is unknown whether she has had this ability before the events of the game or if she received it by fusing with the Cobalt Star. While the former would point to this theory being true, arguments for and against it can be made just as well. The Cobalt Star's primary function seems to be to provide the time machine with power, being referred to as the machine's energy or fuel source a number of times. The ability to travel through time by opening Time Holes would instead be attributed to the machine itself. On the other hand, the Cobalt Star Shards by themselves have demonstrated the ability to open Time Holes, being responsible for the one leading to Toadwood Forest. However, this could also be the work of Elder Princess Shroob sealed inside the shard.
If the Shroobs are capable of using time travel, then it's possible that Younger Princess Shroob and Elder Princess Shroob are same entity from different points in time, equivalent to Baby Mario and Mario, respectively. The existence of two Shroob Princesses is presented by in-game text as them being sisters. However, if we assume that this claim is based on misinterpretation, figurative language, or deception by the characters presenting the claim and therefore not truthful, then the relation between the Shroob Princesses becomes open to interpretation. The claims that they are sisters are made by Younger Princess Shroob, Princess Peach, and Elder Princess Shroob:

• Younger Princess Shroob speaks exclusively in the Shroob language throughout the entire game. Subtitles are added to her speech somewhat consistently starting from the encounter between her and the bros aboard the Shroob Mother Ship. This implies that Mario & Luigi have learnt to understand some of the language over the course of the game. However, it also means that their understanding might not be completely accurate and the subtitles unreliable as a result.
• Princess Peach explicitly calls Elder Princess Shroob Younger Princess Shroob's twin sister. Due to her not knowing about the Shroobs' nature before imprisoning Elder Princess Shroob within the Cobalt Star, it could be that her statement is either based on her own assumptions or simply metaphoric in nature. It's unlikely that Peach would know the exact familial relation between the Shroob princesses.
• Unlike Younger Princess Shroob, Elder Princess Shroob is capable of speaking fluent English and unlike Princess Peach, she most certainly knows the exact relation she has to Younger Princess Shroob. Elder Princess shroob also refers to Younger Princess Shroob as her sister, and while it could be that she is deliberately masking the truth, the reason for doing so is not clear.

There is also the fact that the game's UI when targeting both Elder Princess Shroob and Younger Princess Shroob reads "Princess Shroob" for both of them, making no distinction in their names.
Perhaps the strongest counterargument against this point would be the fact that when Younger Princess Shroob is killed, Elder Princess Shroob is unaffected. Causality demands that if a person of the past died, their present version would also immediately cease to live (which is also the explanation for why you get a Game Over if Baby Mario & Baby Luigi fall in battle even if the adult Mario & Luigi are still around). A possible explanation for this is that fusing with the Cobalt Star has caused the two to become a separate entity that exists independently from Elder Princess Shroob. This entity would be able to exist until the changed course of history caused by Younger Princess Shroob's death caught up with the present.
We also need to evaluate the Shroobs' motivations for their invasion of the Mushroom Kingdom and why they would resort to using time travel:

• The Shroobs were searching for a new home. This is possibly due to the Shroob planet showing signs of regression, being unable to sustain the Shroob population. As a result, the population might already have declined drastically by the present day. This would prompt Princess Shroob to travel back in time in order to have more troops and/or people to save.
• The Mushroom Kingdom of the past is weak compared to its present version. The kingdom's rule is unclear, as Princess Peach is a baby and her parents seem to be absent, implied further by Toadsworth caring for her like a father. The Koopa Kingdom is also less of a threat with Bowser being a child whose goals primarily revolve around cookies and treasure. Most of all, Mario & Luigi as adults pose a major threat to the entire operation. Thus, travelling back in time to attack the Mushroom Kingdom in the past era is less of a risk.

From these points, it can be concluded that if the Shroobs themselves are indeed able to travel through time, doing so would be highly advantageous.
As a final point, let's look back at a question raised before:

• If the Shroobs conquered the Mushroom Kingdom in the past, then why do the Shroobs not control the kingdom in the present?

With the assumption that the Shroobs are time travellers themselves, a new answer to this question presents itself.

• The Shroobs never conquered the Mushroom Kingdom in the original course of history. They changed the course of history by invading after travelling back in time. However, this change was further altered by Mario & Luigi travelling back in time, eradicating the Shroobs and leaving the present kingdom unconquered.

White, female, non-trad registered x-ray tech and medical illustrator, applying MD only mostly for simplicity reasons and also not super interested in OMT. Bachelor's in Fine Art, went Art school>Xray tech
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Brown University The Warren Alpert Medical School
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Tufts University School of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Wayne State University School of Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School - Duluth
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School - Twin Cities
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Any I should take out? Any I should add?

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Wishlist
Region: NA (Canada)
Fees on buyer if any, currency is USD unless specified
CTRL + F to find your games in terms of name

• >observer_
• 10 Second Ninja X
• 11-11 Memories Retold
• 112 Operator
• 12 is Better Than 6
• 198X
• 1993 Space Machine
• 60 Parsecs
• 7 Billion Humans
• 8 DOORS
• 8-bit Adventure Anthology: Volume I
• 9 Years of Shadows
• 911 Operator
• A Game of Thrones: The Board Game
• A Hat in Time
• A Hole New World
• A JUGGLER'S TALE
• A Long Way Down
• A PLAGUE TALE: INNOCENCE
• A Robot Named Fight!
• A Tale for Anna
• A.I.M.2 Clan Wars
• Abalon (Summoners Fate)
• Above Snakes
• ABZU
• Ace Combat Assault Horizon Enhanced Edition
• ADOM
• Adore
• Adventure Time: Pirates of the Enchiridion
• Aeterna Noctis
• AETHERIS
• Agatha Christie Hercule Poirot The First Cases
• AI War 2
• AIdol
• Airborne Kingdom
• Alba: A Wildlife Adventure
• Alder's Blood: Definitive Edition
• Alfred Hitchcock - Vertigo
• Alien Breed Trilogy
• Aliens vs. Predator™ Collection
• All-Star Fruit Racing
• Almost There: The Platformer
• American Fugitive
• American Truck Simulator
• Amerzone: The Explorer’s Legacy
• AMID EVIL
• Amnesia rebirth
• Amnesia: The Dark Descent + Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
• Anomalous
• Another World – 20th Anniversary Edition
• Antigraviator
• Anuchard
• APICO
• APICO
• Aragami
• Aragami 2
• Arboria
• Arcade Paradise
• Arcade Paradise - Arcade Paradise EP
• Arcade Spirits
• Arkham Horror: Mother's Embrace
• Armada 2526 Gold Edition
• Army Men RTS
• army of ruin
• Arto
• Ary and the Secret of Seasons
• As Far as the Eye
• Ascension to the Throne
• Assemble With Care
• Assetto Corsa Competizione
• Assetto Corsa Ultimate Edition
• Astebreed Definitive Edition
• Astronarch
• Attack of the Earthlings
• Automachef
• Automobilista
• Automobilista 2
• AUTONAUTS
• AUTONAUTS VS PIRATEBOTS
• Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora™ - Ubisoft Connect
• AVICII Invector: Encore Edition
• Awesomenauts All Nauts pack
• Axiom Verge
• Axiom Verge 2
• Baba is you
• Back 4 Blood
• Back 4 blood (EU)
• Backbone
• Banners of Ruin
• Bartlow's Dread Machine
• Basement
• Batbarian: Testament of the Primordials
• Batman: Arkham Asylum Game of the Year Edition
• Batman: Arkham Origins
• Battle Royale Tycoon
• Battlecruisers
• Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
• BATTLESTAR GALACTICA DEADLOCK SEASON ONE
• Battlestar Galactica Deadlock: Complete
• BATTLETECH MERCENARY COLLECTION
• BATTLETECH Shadow Hawk Pack
• BEAUTIFUL DESOLATION
• Bee Simulator
• BEFORE WE LEAVE
• Beholder 2
• Ben 10
• Ben 10: Power Trip
• Bendy and the Ink Machine™
• Between the Stars
• Beyond a Steel Sky
• Beyond The Edge Of Owlsgard
• BEYOND THE WIRE
• Beyond: Two Souls
• BIOMUTANT
• Bionic Commando
• BioShock: The Collection
• BLACK BOOK
• Black Moon Chronicles
• Black Paradox
• BLACK SKYLANDS
• BLACKHOLE: Complete Edition
• Blacksad: Under the Skin
• Blade of Darkness
• Blasphemous
• Blazing Chrome
• Blightbound
• Blood And Zombies
• Blood Rage: Digital Edition
• Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night
• Blue Fire
• Bomber Crew
• Boneless Zombie
• Boomerang Fu
• Borderlands 3
• Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe
• Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe Edition
• Borderlands: The Handsome Collection
• Bot Vice
• Bounty of One
• Brawlout
• Breakout: Recharged
• Breathedge
• bridge constructor
• Bridge constructor medieval
• bridge constructor stunts
• Brigador: Up-Armored Edition
• Broken Lines
• Bug Fables: The Everlasting Sapling
• BUILDER SIMULATOR
• calico
• Call of Duty® Modern Warfare 3™ (2011)
• Call of Juarez: Gunslinger
• Capitalism 2
• Car Mechanic 2018
• Car Mechanic Simulator 2015
• Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
• Cardboard Town
• Castle Morihisa
• castle storm
• CastleStorm
• Cat Cafe Manager
• Catherine Classic
• Caveblazers
• Celeste
• Centipede: Recharged
• Cepheus Protocol
• CHANGE: A Homeless Survival Experience
• Charlie's Adventure
• Chasm
• Chenso Club
• Chernobylite: Enhanced Edition
• Chess Ultra
• Chicago 1930 : The Prohibition
• Chivalry 2
• Chorus
• Chorus
• Circuit Superstars
• Cities Skylines + After Dark
• Cities: Skylines
• City of Beats
• CivCity: Rome
• Click and Slay
• Cloud Gardens
• Cloudpunk
• Code Vein
• Coffee Talk
• Comedy Night
• Command & Conquer Remastered (Origin)
• Complete Dread X Collection
• Conarium
• Construction Simulator (2015) Deluxe Edition
• Constructor Plus
• Control
• Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3
• Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
• Cookie Cutter
• cornucopia
• Corridor Z
• Cosmic Osmo and the Worlds Beyond the Mackerel
• Cosmonautica
• Crash Drive 2
• Crash Drive 3
• Creaks
• Creepy Tale
• Crookz the big heist
• CROSSBOW: Bloodnight
• Crush Your Enemies
• Cube Runner
• Cultist Simulator: Anthology Edition
• Curse: The Eye of Isis
• Cyber Ops
• Cybercube
• Danger Scavenger
• Dark Deity
• Dark Future
• Darkside Detective
• Darksiders II Deathinitive Edition
• Darkwood
• DARQ: Complete Edition
• Day of the Tentacle Remastered
• days of war definitive edition
• DC League of Super-Pets: The Adventures of Krypto and Ace
• DC's Justice League: Cosmic Chaos
• Dead by Daylight
• Dead Estate
• Dead Island Definitive Edition
• Dead Rising 2
• Deadly Days
• Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
• DEATH STRANDING DIRECTOR'S CUT
• Death's Gambit
• Deceased
• DECEIVE INC.
• Degrees of Separation
• Deleveled
• Delicious! Pretty Girls Mahjong Solitaire
• Deliver Us The Moon
• Demetrios - Deluxe Edition
• Depraved
• DESCENDERS
• Desert Child
• DESOLATE
• Destiny 2: Beyond Light
• DESTROYER: THE U-BOAT HUNTER
• Detention
• Devil May Cry HD Collection
• Devilated
• Dicey Dungeons
• Dirt 5
• dirt rally
• Dirt Rally 2.0
• Disaster Band
• Disciples III: Reincarnation
• Disjunction (GOG)
• DISTRAINT 2
• Distrust
• DmC: Devil May Cry
• Do Not Feed the Monkeys
• Don't Be Afraid
• Doomed Lands
• Door Kickers: Action Squad
• Doorways: Prelude
• Downfall
• Dragons Dogma Dark Arisen
• Dragon's Dogma: Dark Arisen
• Drake Hollow
• Draugen
• Draw Slasher
• Drawful 2
• Dreams in the Witch House
• Dreamscaper
• DreamWorks Dragons: Dawn of New Riders
• DreamWorks Dragons: Legends of the Nine Realms
• DRIFT21
• Driftland: The Magic Revival
• drive!drive!drive!
• Drone Swarm
• Due Process
• Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project
• Duke of Alpha Centauri
• Dungeon Rushers
• Dungeons 2
• Dungeons 3
• DUSK
• Dusk Diver
• Dust to the End
• Dynopunk
• Earth Defense Force 4.1 The Shadow of New Despair
• Eastern Exorcist
• Effie
• Eiyuden Chronicle: Rising
• El Matador
• Elderand
• Elderborn
• ELDEST SOULS
• Electrician Simulator
• Elemental Survivors
• Elex
• Elex II
• Elite Dangerous
• Embr
• Empire: Total War - Definitive Edition
• Empyrion - Galactic Survival
• ENCASED: A SCI-FI POST-APOCALYPTIC RPG
• Encodya (GOG)
• Endless Space 2
• Endless Space 2 - Digital Deluxe Edition
• Endless Space® 2 - Digital Deluxe Edition
• Endzone - A World Apart
• Epistory - Typing Chronicles
• Escape the backrooms
• Eternal Threads
• Etherborn
• Europa Universalis IV
• European Ship Simulator
• Everdream Valley
• Evil Genius 2: World Domination
• EXAPUNKS
• Exorder
• EXPEDITIONS: ROME
• Explosionade
• F1 2018
• F1 2019 Anniversary Edition
• F1 2020
• F1 RACE STARS Complete Edition Include DLC
• Fable Anniversary
• Factory Town
• Fallback uprising
• Family Man
• Family Mysteries 3: Criminal Mindset
• Fantasy Blacksmith
• FARMER'S DYNASTY
• Farming Simulator 17
• Farming Simulator 19
• Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Rise of SH1FT3R
• Fell Seal: Arbiter's Mark
• Fictorum
• Field of Glory II
• Fights in Tight Spaces
• Figment
• Filthy Animals Heist Simulator
• Firefighting Simulator - The Squad
• Fishing Adventure
• Flashback
• FLATLAND Vol.2
• FlatOut
• FLING TO THE FINISH
• Floppy Knights
• Fluffy Horde
• FOBIA - ST. DINFNA HOTEL
• For the King
• Forged Battalion
• Forgive me Father
• Forts
• Framed Collection
• Fred3ric
• Fresh Start Cleaning Simulator
• Friends vs Friends
• Frogun
• From Space
• From the Depths
• Frostpunk: Game of the Year Edition
• Frozenheim
• Fun with Ragdolls: The Game
• Funtasia
• Fury Unleashed
• Gamedec - Definitive Edition
• Gang Beasts
• GARAGE bad trip
• Garden Story
• Garfield Kart
• GAS STATION SIMULATOR
• Gelly Break Deluxe
• Genesis Alpha One Deluxe Edition
• Gevaudan
• Ghost Song
• Ghostrunner
• Giana Sisters 2D
• GIGA WRECKER
• Gigantosaurus: Dino Kart
• Glitch Busters: Stuck On You
• Gloria Victis
• Go Home Dinosaurs
• Goat of Duty
• Godlike Burger
• Godstrike
• Going Under
• Golf Gang
• Golf It!
• Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
• Good Knight
• Gotham Knights
• Graveyard Keeper
• GREAK: MEMORIES OF AZUR
• GREEDFALL
• Gremlins, inc
• grey goo
• GRID - 2019
• grid ultimate
• GRIP: Combat Racing
• GRIP: Combat Racing Artifex DLC
• Gungrave G.O.R.E
• Guppy
• Guts and glory
• GYLT
• Hacknet
• HackyZack
• Haegemonia: Legions of Iron
• Hamilton's Great Adventure
• Hammerting
• Hammerwatch
• Hands of Necromancy
• Havsala: Into the Soul Palace
• Headsnatchers
• Heartwood Heroes
• Heat Signature
• Heaven's Vault
• Helheim Hassle
• Hell Let Loose
• Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice
• Hellbound
• Hellpoint
• Hellslave
• Hellstuck: Rage With Your Friends
• Hero of the Kingdom III
• Hero of the Kingdom: The Lost Tales 2
• Heroes of Hammerwatch
• Heros hour
• Hexologic
• Hidden & Dangerous 2: Courage Under Fire
• Hidden & Dangerous: Action Pack
• Hidden Deep
• Hi-Fi Rush
• High On Life
• Hitman (2016) Game of the Year Edition
• HITMAN 2 - Gold Edition
• Hitman: The Complete First Season
• Hoa
• Hob
• Hollow Knight
• Holy Potatoes! A Spy Story?!
• Home Sweet Home
• Home Sweet Home EP2
• Homestead Arcana
• Hood: Outlaws & Legends
• Hoplegs
• Hot Tin Roof: The Cat That Wore A Fedora
• HOT WHEELS UNLEASHED ™
• Hotel Transylvania 3: Monsters Overboard
• Hotel Transylvania: Scary-Tale Adventures
• Hotshot Racing
• House Flipper
• How to Survive 2
• Hue
• Human: Fall Flat
• HUMANKIND DEFINITIVE EDITION
• Hungry Flame
• Hyper Knights
• I am Bread
• I Am Fish
• I am not a Monster: First Contact
• I Hate Running Backwards
• ibb & obb Double Pack
• ICBM
• Ice Age Scrat's Nutty Adventure
• Ice Age: Scrat's Nutty Adventure
• Ice Lakes
• Impostor Factory
• IN SOUND MIND
• Indivisible
• INDUSTRIA
• Infectonator 3: Apocalypse
• Infinite Beyond The Mind
• Injustice 2 Legendary Edition
• Insane 2
• INSOMNIA: The Ark
• Internet Cafe Simulator
• Internet Cafe Simulator 2
• Interstellar Space: Genesis
• Iris and the Giant
• Iron Fisticle
• Iron Harvest
• Ittle Dew
• Ittle Dew 2+
• Jack Move
• Jackbox party pack 2
• Jackbox party pack 5
• JANITOR BLEEDS
• Joint Task Force
• Jotun: Valhalla Edition
• Journey For Elysium
• Journey to the Savage Planet
• JUMANJI: The Video Game
• Jurassic Park: The Game
• Jurassic World Evolution
• Jurassic World Evolution 2
• JUST CAUSE 4: COMPLETE EDITION
• Just Die Already
• Kardboard Kings: Card Shop Simulator
• Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes
• Ken Follett's The Pillars of the Earth
• Kentucky Route Zero - Season Pass Edition
• Kerbal Space Program
• Kill it with Fire
• Killing Floor 2
• Killing Floor 2 Digital Deluxe Edition
• Killing Room
• Kingdom Two Crowns
• Kingdom: New Lands
• King's Bounty: Crossworlds
• Knights of Pen & Paper 2
• Knock-knock
• Koi-Koi Japan [Hanafuda playing cards] *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.1 DLC *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.2 DLC *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.3 DLC
• Konung 2
• KungFu Kickball
• Labyrinthine
• Lair of the Clockwork God
• Laserlife
• Last Kids on Earth and the Staff of Doom
• LAST OASIS
• Lawn Mowing Simulator
• Layers of Fear: Masterpiece Edition
• Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West
• Learn Japanese To Survive! Hiragana Battle
• Learn Japanese To Survive! Katakana War
• Learn Japanese to Survive! Trilogy
• Legend of Keepers
• LEGION TD 2 - MULTIPLAYER TOWER DEFENSE
• LEGION TD 2 - MULTIPLAYER TOWER DEFENSE.
• Leisure Suit Larry - Wet Dreams Don't Dry
• Leisure Suit Larry 1-7
• Lemnis Gate
• Lemon Cake
• lethal league blaze
• Let's School
• Levelhead
• Liberated (GOG)
• Life is Strange Complete Season (Episodes 1-5)
• Light Fairytale Episode 1
• Light Fairytale Episode 2
• LIGHTMATTER
• Little dragons cafe
• Little Hope
• Little Inner Monsters - Card Game
• Little Misfortune
• Little Nightmares
• Little Nightmares Complete Edition
• Livelock
• Loop Hero
• Loot River
• Looterkings
• Lornsword Winter Chronicle
• Lost Castle
• Love Letter
• Lovecraft's Untold Stories
• Lovely planet arcade
• Lucius 2
• Lucius 3
• Ludus
• Lumberhill
• LunarLux
• Lust for Darkness
• Lust from Beyond: M Edition
• Mad Experiments: Escape Room
• Mad Max
• Mafia Definitive Edition
• Mafia iii
• Mafia: Definitive Edition
• Magenta Horizon
• Mahjong Pretty Girls Battle
• Mahjong Pretty Girls Battle : School Girls Edition
• Maid of Sker
• Mail Time
• Maize
• Maneater
• Marooners
• MARSUPILAMI - HOOBADVENTURE
• Marvel's Avengers - The Definitive Edition
• Mato Anomalies
• Max Payne 3
• Mechs & Mercs: Black Talons
• Medieval II: Total War - Definitive Edition
• Medieval: Total War Collection
• MEEPLE STATION
• Men of War
• MERCHANT OF THE SKIES
• METAL HELLSINGER
• Metal Hellsinger
• Metro Exodus
• Metro last light
• Metro: Last Light Redux
• Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor GOTY
• Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor GOTY
• Middle-Earth: Shadow of War Definitive Edition
• MIDNIGHT PROTOCOL
• Mighty Switch Force! Collection
• Milky Way Prince - The Vampire Star
• MIND SCANNERS
• Ministry of Broadcast
• Minute of Islands
• Miscreated
• Mists of Noyah
• MKXL
• Mob Factory
• Mob Rule Classic
• Monaco
• Monster Hunter: Rise
• Monster Slayers - Complete Edition
• Monstrum
• Monstrum 2
• Moon Hunters
• Moons of Madness
• MORDHAU
• Mordheim: City of the Damned
• Mortal Kombat 11 Ultimate Edition
• MORTAL KOMBAT XL
• Mortal Shell
• Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
• Mr. Run and Jump
• MudRunner
• Murder Mystery Machine
• My Big Sister
• My Friend Peppa Pig
• My Little Universe
• My Lovely Wife
• My Summer Adventure: Memories of Another Life
• My Time At Portia
• Mythforce
• N++ (NPLUSPLUS)
• Napoleon: Total War - Definitive Edition
• NARUTO TO BORUTO: SHINOBI STRIKER
• Necesse
• NECROMUNDA: HIRED GUN
• Necronator: Dead Wrong
• NecroVisioN: Lost Company
• NecroWorm
• Neighbours back From Hell
• Nelly Cootalot: Spoonbeaks Ahoy! HD
• Neon Space
• Neon Space 2
• Neon Sundown
• Nephise: Ascension
• Neurodeck : Psychological Deckbuilder
• Never Alone Arctic Collection (w/ Foxtales DLC and FREE Soundtrack)
• Neverinth
• Neverout
• Neverwinter Nights: Complete Adventures
• Newt One
• Nexomon: Extinction
• Nigate Tale
• Nimbatus - The Space Drone Constructor
• Nine Parchments
• Nine Witches: Family Disruption
• Nioh 2: The Complete Collection
• No Straight Roads: Encore Edition
• No Time to Relax
• Nomad Survival
• Nongunz: Doppelganger Edition
• Noosphere
• Northgard
• Northmark: Hour of the Wolf
• Nostradamus: The Last Prophecy
• not the robots
• Not Tonight
• Nusakana
• Obduction
• Obey Me
• Observer: System Redux
• Occultus - Mediterranean Cabal
• Odallus: The Dark Call
• Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty
• One Finger Death Punch 2
• One Hand Clapping
• One More Island
• One Step From Eden
• One Step From Eden (Region locked)
• Orbital Racer
• Organs Please
• Orwell: Ignorance is strength
• Orwell: Keeping an Eye On You
• Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
• Out of Space
• Overclocked: A History of Violence
• Overcooked! 2 + Too Many Cooks + Surf 'n' Turf pack
• Overlord: Ultimate Evil Collection
• Overpass
• Overruled
• OZYMANDIAS: BRONZE AGE EMPIRE SIM
• Pac-Man Museum +
• Pan'Orama
• Panty Party
• Panzer Corps 2
• Panzer Paladin
• PARADISE LOST
• Parkan 2
• PARTISANS 1941
• Passpartout 2: The Lost Artist
• Path of Giants
• Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous
• Patron
• Paw Patrol: On A Roll!
• Paw Paw Paw
• Paws of Coal
• Peaky Blinders: Mastermind
• PER ASPERA
• PGA 2K21
• Pharaonic
• Pixplode
• Pizza Connection 3
• Plague tale
• Planescape: Torment Enhanced Edition
• Planet Alcatraz
• Planet Coaster
• Planet Coaster - World's Fair Pack
• PLANET ZOO
• PlateUp!
• Pogostuck: Rage With Your Friends
• Poker Pretty Girls Battle: Texas Hold'em
• Police Stories
• Poly Island
• Post Void
• POSTAL 2
• POSTAL 2: Paradise Lost DLC
• POSTAL Redux
• POSTAL: Brain Damaged - Connoisseur Edition
• Power Rangers: Battle for the Grid
• Prank Call
• Prehistoric Kingdom
• Pretty Girls Mahjong Solitaire
• Pretty Girls Panic!
• Prey
• Primal Carnage: Extinction
• Princess Kaguya: Legend of the Moon Warrior
• Pro Cycling Manager 2020
• Prodeus
• Project CARS - GOTY Edition
• Project Warlock
• Project Wingman (EU)
• PROJECT WINTER
• Propnight
• Pseudoregalia
• PULSAR: The Lost Colony
• qomp
• Quadrilateral Cowboy
• Quake II
• Quake II
• Quantum Break
• Quern - Undying Thoughts
• Radio Commander
• RAGE
• RAILROAD CORPORATION
• Railroad Tycoon 3
• Railroad Tycoon II Platinum
• Railway Empire
• Rain World
• Rayon Riddles - Rise of the Goblin King
• Re: Legend
• REBEL COPS
• Rebel Galaxy
• Rebel Galaxy Outlaw
• Recipe For Disaster
• Red Faction Guerrilla Re-Mars-tered
• Red Faction: Armageddon
• Red Riding Hood - Star Crossed Lovers
• Red Ronin
• RED SOLSTICE 2: SURVIVORS
• Redout Complete Bundle
• Redout: Enhanced Edition
• Redout: Enhanced Edition + DLC pack
• Regular Human Basketball
• REKT! High Octane Stunts
• Relicta
• REMNANT: FROM THE ASHES - COMPLETE EDITION
• Republique
• Rescue Party: Live!
• Resident Evil 0 HD REMASTER
• Resident Evil 5 Gold Edition
• Resident Evil 7 Biohazard
• Resident Evil Revelations
• Resort Boss: Golf
• Retimed
• RETROWAVE
• rFactor 2
• RiME
• Ring of Pain
• Rise of Industry + 2130 DLC
• Rise of the Slime
• Rising Storm 2: Vietnam + 2 DLCs
• River City Girls
• River City Ransom: Underground
• Roarr! Jurassic Edition
• Roboquest
• Robot Squad Simulator 2017
• Rogue : Genesia
• ROGUE HEROES: RUINS OF TASOS
• ROGUE LORDS
• Rogue Stormers
• rollercoaster tycoon 2
• ROTASTIC
• Roundguard
• ROUNDS
• RUNNING WITH RIFLES
• Rustler
• Ryse: Son of Rome
• S.W.I.N.E. HD Remaster
• Sailing Era
• Saint Row
• SAINTS ROW
• Saints Row IV
• Saints Row The Third
• Saints Row: Gat Out of Hell
• Saints Row: The Third Remastered
• Sam and Max Devil's Playhouse
• SAMUDRA
• Sands of Aura
• Sands of Salzaar
• Saturday Morning RPG
• Scarlet Tower
• Scars Above
• Scorn
• SCP: 5K
• SCUM
• SEARCH PARTY: Director's Cut
• Second Extinction
• Secret Government
• Serious Sam 3 Bonus Content DLC, Serious Sam 3: Jewel of the Nile, and Serious Sam 3: BFE
• SEUM speedrunners from hell
• SEUM: Speedrunners from Hell
• Severed Steel
• Shadow Tactics: Aiko's Choice
• Shadowgate
• Shadows Awakening
• SHADOWS: AWAKENING
• Shape of the World
• She Sees Red - Interactive Movie
• Shenmue I & II
• SHENZHEN I/O
• Shift Happens
• Shing!
• Shining Resonance Refrain
• Shoppe Keep
• Shoppe Keep 2
• Shoppe Keep 2 - Business and Agriculture RPG Simulation
• Shotgun King: The Final Checkmate
• Sid Meier's Civilization VI
• Sid Meier's Railroads!
• Sifu Deluxe Edition Upgrade Bundle (EPIC)
• Silver Chains
• SimCity 4 Deluxe Edition
• Sinking Island
• SINNER: Sacrifice for Redemption
• Siralim Ultimate
• Size Matters
• Skautfold Chapters 1-4
• Skullgirls 2nd Encore
• Slain: Back from Hell
• Slap City
• Slash It
• Slash It 2
• Slash It Ultimate
• Slay the Spire
• Small World
• Smart Factory Tycoon
• Smile For Me
• Smoke and Sacrifice
• Smoke and Sacrifice
• Smushi Come Home
• Snail bob 2 tiny troubles
• Sniper Elite
• Sniper Elite 3
• Sniper Elite 3 + Season Pass DLC
• Sniper Elite 4 Deluxe Edition
• Sniper Elite V2
• Sniper Ghost Warrior 3 - Season Pass Edition
• Sniper Ghost Warrior Contracts
• Snooker 19
• SONG OF HORROR COMPLETE EDITION
• Songs of Conquest
• Sonic Adventure 2
• Sonic Adventure DX
• Sonic and SEGA All Stars Racing
• Sonic Generations Collection
• Soulblight
• SOULCALIBUR VI
• Souldiers
• SOULSTICE
• Soundfall
• Source of Madness
• Spartan Fist
• Spec Ops
• Speed Limit
• Spelunx and the Caves of Mr. Seudo
• Spidersaurs
• Spin Rush
• Spirit Hunter: Death Mark
• Spirit of the Island
• Spirit of the North
• Spring Bonus
• Spyro Reignited Trilogy
• Stairs
• Star Trek Prodigy: Supernova
• STAR WARS - Knights of the Old Republic
• STAR WARS - The Force Unleashed Ultimate Sith Edition
• Star Wolves
• Starbound
• Starsand
• STASIS: Bone Totem
• State of Decay 2: Juggernaut Edition
• Steel Rats™
• Stick Fight: The Game
• Still Life
• Still Life 2
• Still There
• Stirring Abyss
• STONE
• Strange Brigade
• Strange Brigade Deluxe Edition
• STRANGER
• Strategic Command: World War I
• Strategic Mind: Blitzkrieg
• Strategic Mind: Fight for Freedom
• Strategic Mind: Spectre of Communism
• Strategic Mind: Spirit of Liberty
• Strategy & Tactics: Wargame Collection
• Streamer Life Simulator
• Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection
• Street Fighter V
• Strider
• Strikey Sisters
• Struggling
• Stubbs the Zombie in Rebel Without a Pulse
• Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
• Styx: Master of Shadows
• Styx: Shards of Darkness
• SuchArt
• Sudden Strike 4
• Sudden Strike Gold
• Suite 776
• Sumoman
• Sunblaze
• Sundered
• SUNLESS BUNDLE
• Sunset Overdrive
• Super Buff HD
• Super Mag Bot
• Superbugs: Awaken
• Superhot
• Surgeon Simulator 2
• Survive the Nights
• Surviving Mars
• Surviving Mars
• Surviving The Aftermath
• Swag and Sorcery
• SWINE HD Remaster
• Sword Legacy Omen
• Sword of the Necromancer
• Swords and Soldiers 2 Shawarmageddon
• Syberia 3
• Symphonic Rain
• Symphony of War: The Nephilim Saga
• Synthwave Dream '85
• Tacoma
• Taiji
• Take Off - The Flight Simulator
• Tales
• Tales from the Borderlands
• Talk to Strangers
• Tallowmere
• Talos Principle (Gold)
• Tangledeep
• Tank Mechanic Simulator
• Tannenberg
• Team Sonic Racing
• TEKKEN 7
• TEMTEM
• Terminus: Zombie Survivors
• TERRAFORMERS
• Terratech Deluxe Edition
• Terror of Hemasaurus
• Textorcist
• Tharsis
• The Addams Family: Mansion Mayhem
• The Adventure Pals
• The Amazing American Circus
• The Ambassador: Fractured Timelines
• The Anacrusis
• The Ascent
• The Battle of Polytopia
• The Battle of Polytopia *DLC1. Cymanti Tribe *DLC2. ∑∫ỹriȱŋ Tribe *DLC3. Aquarion Tribe *DLC4. Polaris Tribe
• The Beast inside
• The Blackout Club
• The Callisto Protocol™
• The Chess Variants Club
• The Citadel
• The Colonists
• THE DARK PICTURES ANTHOLOGY: LITTLE HOPE
• The Darkest Tales
• The Dungeon Beneath
• The Dungeon of Naheulbeuk: The Amulet of Chaos
• The Elder Scrolls Adventures: Redguard
• The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind® Game of the Year Edition
• The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion® Game of the Year Edition
• The Elder Scrolls Online
• The Escapists 2
• THE GAME OF LIFE 2
• The Golf Club™ 2019 featuring PGA TOUR
• The haunted island, A frog detective
• The Haunted Island, a Frog Detective Game
• The Hong Kong Massacre
• The Horror Of Salazar House
• The Innsmouth Case
• The Invisible Hours
• The Jackbox Party Pack 9
• The Knight Witch
• The Last Campfire
• The LEGO Movie 2 Videogame
• The Letter - Horror Visual Novel
• The Long Dark
• The Manhole: Masterpiece Edition
• The Mortuary Assistant
• The Mummy Demastered
• The Occupation
• The Outer Worlds
• THE OUTER WORLDS: SPACER'S CHOICE EDITION
• THE PALE BEYOND
• The Quarry
• The Quarry deluxe
• The Ramp
• The Rewinder
• The Sacred Tears TRUE
• The Sexy Brutale
• The Shapeshifting Detective
• The Shrouded Isle
• The Tarnishing of Juxtia
• The Tenants
• The Uncertain - The Last Quiet Day
• The Uncertain: Last Quiet Day
• The Uncertain: Light At The End
• The USB Stick Found in the Grass
• The Walking Dead
• The Walking Dead - 400 Days
• The Walking Dead Saints and Sinners
• The Walking Dead: A New Frontier
• The Walking Dead: Final Season
• The Walking Dead: Michonne - A Telltale Miniseries
• The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners
• The Walking Dead: Season 1
• The Walking Dead: Season Two
• The Way
• The Wild At Heart
• The Wild Eight
• The Witness
• Them and Us
• They Bleed Pixels
• Thief of Thieves
• This War of Mine
• This Way Madness Lies
• Three Kingdom: The Journey
• Time on Frog Island
• Tinkertown
• Tiny Tina’s Wonderland(EU)
• TINY TINA'S WONDERLANDS CHAOTIC GREAT EDITION
• Tiny Troopers
• Tinykin
• Tinytopia
• TIS-100
• Titan Quest
• Tokyo Xanadu eX+
• Tom Clancy's The Division™
• Tom Clancy's The Division™ - Survival!
• Tools up
• Tooth and Tail
• Torchlight
• Total Tank Simulator
• Tour de France 2020
• Tower Unite
• Trail Out
• Trailblazers
• Trailmakers
• Trailmakers Deluxe Edition
• Train Sim World 3: Standard Edition
• Train Simulator Classic
• Train Valley 1
• TRANSFORMERS: BATTLEGROUNDS
• Transport INC
• Treasure Hunter Simulator
• TRIBES OF MIDGARD
• Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince
• Trinity Fusion
• Trollhunters: Defenders of Arcadia
• Trombone Champ
• Tropico 5 - Complete Collection
• Trover Saves the Universe
• Tunche
• Turmoil
• Turok
• Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
• Twin Mirror
• Two Point Campus
• Two Point Hospital
• TYPECAST
• Tyrant's Blessing
• Ultimate Chicken Horse
• Ultimate Zombie Defense
• Ultra Space Battle Brawl
• Unavowed
• Undead Horde
• Underhero
• Unexplored 2: The Wayfarer's Legacy
• Unity of Command: Stalingrad Campaign
• Universim
• UNLOVED
• Unpacking
• Unrailed!
• Until I have you
• Unto The End
• Upside Down
• URU: Complete Chronicles
• Vagante
• Valfaris
• Valfaris: Mecha Therion
• Valkryia Chronicles 4 Complete Edition
• Valkyria Chronicles 4 Complete Edition
• Valkyria Chronicles 4: Complete Edition
• Vambrace: Cold Soul
• Vampire - The Masquerade: Shadows of New York
• Vampire Survivors
• Vane
• Vectronom
• Velocity Noodle
• Venba
• Verne: The Shape of Fantasy
• Victoria 3
• Victoria II
• Viking: Battle For Asgard
• Virgo Versus The Zodiac
• VirtuaVerse
• Visage
• Viscerafest
• VOIDIGO
• Volcanoids
• Voltage High Society
• V-Rally 4
• Wanderlust: Travel Stories (GOG)
• Wanted: Dead
• Wargroove
• Warhammer 40,000 Sanctus Reach - Complete Edition
• Warhammer 40,000: Armageddon - Imperium Complete
• Warhammer 40,000: Battlesector
• Warhammer 40,000: Gladius - Relics of War
• Warhammer 40,000: Space Wolf Special Edition
• WARHAMMER AGE OF SIGMAR: REALMS OF RUIN – ULTIMATE EDITION
• Warhammer: End Times - Vermintide
• Warhammer: Vermintide 2
• Warman
• Warstone TD
• Wasteland 3
• Wayward
• WE NEED TO GO DEEPER
• We should talk.
• We Were Here Together
• We Were Here Too
• Webbed
• Werewolf: The Apocalypse Heart of the Forest
• West of Dead
• What Lies in the Multiverse
• When Ski Lifts Go Wrong
• while True: learn()
• Whos Your daddy
• Wick
• Windward
• Witch It
• Witchy Life Story
• Wizard of Legend
• wizard of legends
• Worms Rumble
• Worms Rumble + Legends Pack
• Wrath: Aeon of Ruin
• WRC 6 FIA World Rally Championship
• WRC 7 FIA World Rally Championship
• WWE 2K Battlegrounds
• WWE 2K23
• WWZ Aftermath
• Wytchwood
• X-COM: COMPLETE PACK
• XCOM: ULTIMATE COLLECTION
• XIII - Classic
• X-Morph: Defense
• X-Morph: Defense + European Assault, Survival of the Fittest, and Last Bastion DLC
• X-Morph: Defense Complete Pack
• Yakuza Kiwami
• Yakuza: Like A Dragon
• Yumeutsutsu Re:After
• Yumeutsutsu Re:Master
• Zen Chess: Mate in One, Mate in 2 , Mate in 3 , Mate in 4 , Champion's Moves (5 games)
• Ziggurat
• Zombie Army 4
• Zombie Army Trilogy
• Zool Redimensioned
• Zwei: The Arges adventure
• Zwei: The ilvard insurrection

DLCs and Softwares:

• For The King: Lost Civilization Adventure Pack
• Train Simulator: Isle of Wight Route Add-On
• Train Simulator: Woodhead Electric Railway in Blue Route Add-On
• Train Simulator: North Somerset Railway Route Add-On
• Train Simulator: Union Pacific Heritage SD70ACes Loco Add-On
• Train Simulator: London to Brighton Route Add-On
• BR Class 170 'Turbostar' DMU Add-On
• DB BR 648 Loco Add-On
• Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
• Expansion - Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
• Expansion - Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
• Grand Central Class 180 'Adelante' DMU Add-On
• Peninsula Corridor: San Francisco - Gilroy Route Add-On
• SONIC ADVENTURE 2: BATTLE
• Small World - A Spider's Web
• Small World - Cursed
• Small World - Royal Bonus
• The Dungeon Of Naheulbeuk: The Amulet Of Chaos - Goodies Pack
• The Dungeon Of Naheulbeuk: The Amulet Of Chaos - OST
• Thompson Class B1 Loco Add-On
• Total War: Shogun 2 - Rise of the Samurai
• Train Sim World® 3: Birmingham Cross-city line
• Train Sim World®: BR Class 20 'Chopper' Loco
• Train Sim World®: Brighton Main Line: London Victoria - Brighton
• Train Sim World®: Caltrain MP36PH-3C 'Baby Bullet'
• Train Sim World®: Cathcart Circle Line: Glasgow - Newton & Neilston
• Train Sim World®: Clinchfield Railroad: Elkhorn - Dante
• Train Sim World®: Great Western Express
• Train Sim World®: Hauptstrecke Hamburg - Lubeck
• Train Sim World®: LIRR M3 EMU
• Train Sim World®: Long Island Rail Road: New York - Hicksville
• Train Sim World®: Nahverkehr Dresden - Riesa
• Train Sim World®: Northern Trans-Pennine: Manchester - Leeds
• Train Sim World®: Peninsula Corridor: San Francisco - San Jose
• Train Sim World®: Rhein-Ruhr Osten: Wuppertal - Hagen
• Train Sim World®: Tees Valley Line: Darlington - Saltburn-by-the-sea
• Worms Rumble - Armageddon Weapon Skin Pack
• Worms Rumble - Captain & Shark Double Pack
• Worms Rumble - Legends Pack
• Worms Rumble - New Challengers Pack
• Ashampoo Photo Optimizer 7
• Dagon: by H. P. Lovecraft - The Eldritch Box DLC
• Duke Nukem Forever Hail to the Icons
• Duke Nukem Forever The Doctor Who Cloned Me
• GRIP: Combat Racing - Cygon Garage Kit
• GRIP: Combat Racing - Nyvoss Garage Kit
• GRIP: Combat Racing - Terra Garage Kit
• GRIP: Combat Racing - Vintek Garage Kit
• GameGuru
• GameMaker Studio 2 Creator 12 Months
• Intro to Game Development with Unity
• Music Maker EDM Edition
• Neverwinter Nights: Darkness Over Daggerford
• Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition Dark Dreams of Furiae
• Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition Tyrants of the Moonsea
• Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition
• Neverwinter Nights: Infinite Dungeons
• Neverwinter Nights: Pirates of the Sword Coast
• Neverwinter Nights: Wyvern Crown of Cormyr
• PDF-Suite 1 Year License
• Pathfinder Second Edition Core Rulebook and Starfinder Core Rulebook
• RPG Maker VX
• WWE 2K BATTLEGROUNDS - Ultimate Brawlers Pass
• We Are Alright
• The Outer Worlds Expansion Pass
• A Hat in Time - Seal the Deal DLC
• City Skylines:mass transit
• A Game Of Thrones - A Dance With Dragons
• A Game Of Thrones - A Feast For Crows
• Blood Rage: Digital Edition - Gods of Asgard
• Blood Rage: Digital Edition - Mythical Monsters
• Blood Rage: Digital Edition - Mystics of Midgard
• Carcassonne - The Princess and The Dragon DLC
• Carcassonne - Traders & Builders DLC
• Carcassonne - Winter & Gingerbread Man DLC
• Carcassonne - Inns & Cathedrals
• Carcassonne - The River
• Splendor: The Trading Posts DLC
• Splendor: The Strongholds DLC
• Splendor: The Cities DLC
• Small World - Be Not Afraid... DLC
• Small World - Grand Dames DLC
• Small World - Cursed!
• Sands of Salzaar - The Ember Saga
• Sands of Salzaar - The Tournament
• Monster Train: The Last Divinity DLC
• WARSAW

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Wishlist
Region: NA (Canada)
Fees on buyer if any, currency is USD unless specified
CTRL + F to find your games in terms of name

• >observer_
• 10 Second Ninja X
• 11-11 Memories Retold
• 112 Operator
• 12 is Better Than 6
• 198X
• 1993 Space Machine
• 60 Parsecs
• 7 Billion Humans
• 8 DOORS
• 8-bit Adventure Anthology: Volume I
• 9 Years of Shadows
• 911 Operator
• A Game of Thrones: The Board Game
• A Hat in Time
• A Hole New World
• A JUGGLER'S TALE
• A Long Way Down
• A PLAGUE TALE: INNOCENCE
• A Robot Named Fight!
• A Tale for Anna
• A.I.M.2 Clan Wars
• Abalon (Summoners Fate)
• Above Snakes
• ABZU
• Ace Combat Assault Horizon Enhanced Edition
• ADOM
• Adore
• Adventure Time: Pirates of the Enchiridion
• Aeterna Noctis
• AETHERIS
• Agatha Christie Hercule Poirot The First Cases
• AI War 2
• AIdol
• Airborne Kingdom
• Alba: A Wildlife Adventure
• Alder's Blood: Definitive Edition
• Alfred Hitchcock - Vertigo
• Alien Breed Trilogy
• Aliens vs. Predator™ Collection
• All-Star Fruit Racing
• Almost There: The Platformer
• American Fugitive
• American Truck Simulator
• Amerzone: The Explorer’s Legacy
• AMID EVIL
• Amnesia rebirth
• Amnesia: The Dark Descent + Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
• Anomalous
• Another World – 20th Anniversary Edition
• Antigraviator
• Anuchard
• APICO
• APICO
• Aragami
• Aragami 2
• Arboria
• Arcade Paradise
• Arcade Paradise - Arcade Paradise EP
• Arcade Spirits
• Arkham Horror: Mother's Embrace
• Armada 2526 Gold Edition
• Army Men RTS
• army of ruin
• Arto
• Ary and the Secret of Seasons
• As Far as the Eye
• Ascension to the Throne
• Assemble With Care
• Assetto Corsa Competizione
• Assetto Corsa Ultimate Edition
• Astebreed Definitive Edition
• Astronarch
• Attack of the Earthlings
• Automachef
• Automobilista
• Automobilista 2
• AUTONAUTS
• AUTONAUTS VS PIRATEBOTS
• Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora™ - Ubisoft Connect
• AVICII Invector: Encore Edition
• Awesomenauts All Nauts pack
• Axiom Verge
• Axiom Verge 2
• Baba is you
• Back 4 Blood
• Back 4 blood (EU)
• Backbone
• Banners of Ruin
• Bartlow's Dread Machine
• Basement
• Batbarian: Testament of the Primordials
• Batman: Arkham Asylum Game of the Year Edition
• Batman: Arkham Origins
• Battle Royale Tycoon
• Battlecruisers
• Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
• BATTLESTAR GALACTICA DEADLOCK SEASON ONE
• Battlestar Galactica Deadlock: Complete
• BATTLETECH MERCENARY COLLECTION
• BATTLETECH Shadow Hawk Pack
• BEAUTIFUL DESOLATION
• Bee Simulator
• BEFORE WE LEAVE
• Beholder 2
• Ben 10
• Ben 10: Power Trip
• Bendy and the Ink Machine™
• Between the Stars
• Beyond a Steel Sky
• Beyond The Edge Of Owlsgard
• BEYOND THE WIRE
• Beyond: Two Souls
• BIOMUTANT
• Bionic Commando
• BioShock: The Collection
• BLACK BOOK
• Black Moon Chronicles
• Black Paradox
• BLACK SKYLANDS
• BLACKHOLE: Complete Edition
• Blacksad: Under the Skin
• Blade of Darkness
• Blasphemous
• Blazing Chrome
• Blightbound
• Blood And Zombies
• Blood Rage: Digital Edition
• Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night
• Blue Fire
• Bomber Crew
• Boneless Zombie
• Boomerang Fu
• Borderlands 3
• Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe
• Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe Edition
• Borderlands: The Handsome Collection
• Bot Vice
• Bounty of One
• Brawlout
• Breakout: Recharged
• Breathedge
• bridge constructor
• Bridge constructor medieval
• bridge constructor stunts
• Brigador: Up-Armored Edition
• Broken Lines
• Bug Fables: The Everlasting Sapling
• BUILDER SIMULATOR
• calico
• Call of Duty® Modern Warfare 3™ (2011)
• Call of Juarez: Gunslinger
• Capitalism 2
• Car Mechanic 2018
• Car Mechanic Simulator 2015
• Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
• Cardboard Town
• Castle Morihisa
• castle storm
• CastleStorm
• Cat Cafe Manager
• Catherine Classic
• Caveblazers
• Celeste
• Centipede: Recharged
• Cepheus Protocol
• CHANGE: A Homeless Survival Experience
• Charlie's Adventure
• Chasm
• Chenso Club
• Chernobylite: Enhanced Edition
• Chess Ultra
• Chicago 1930 : The Prohibition
• Chivalry 2
• Chorus
• Chorus
• Circuit Superstars
• Cities Skylines + After Dark
• Cities: Skylines
• City of Beats
• CivCity: Rome
• Click and Slay
• Cloud Gardens
• Cloudpunk
• Code Vein
• Coffee Talk
• Comedy Night
• Command & Conquer Remastered (Origin)
• Complete Dread X Collection
• Conarium
• Construction Simulator (2015) Deluxe Edition
• Constructor Plus
• Control
• Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3
• Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
• Cookie Cutter
• cornucopia
• Corridor Z
• Cosmic Osmo and the Worlds Beyond the Mackerel
• Cosmonautica
• Crash Drive 2
• Crash Drive 3
• Creaks
• Creepy Tale
• Crookz the big heist
• CROSSBOW: Bloodnight
• Crush Your Enemies
• Cube Runner
• Cultist Simulator: Anthology Edition
• Curse: The Eye of Isis
• Cyber Ops
• Cybercube
• Danger Scavenger
• Dark Deity
• Dark Future
• Darkside Detective
• Darksiders II Deathinitive Edition
• Darkwood
• DARQ: Complete Edition
• Day of the Tentacle Remastered
• days of war definitive edition
• DC League of Super-Pets: The Adventures of Krypto and Ace
• DC's Justice League: Cosmic Chaos
• Dead by Daylight
• Dead Estate
• Dead Island Definitive Edition
• Dead Rising 2
• Deadly Days
• Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
• DEATH STRANDING DIRECTOR'S CUT
• Death's Gambit
• Deceased
• DECEIVE INC.
• Degrees of Separation
• Deleveled
• Delicious! Pretty Girls Mahjong Solitaire
• Deliver Us The Moon
• Demetrios - Deluxe Edition
• Depraved
• DESCENDERS
• Desert Child
• DESOLATE
• Destiny 2: Beyond Light
• DESTROYER: THE U-BOAT HUNTER
• Detention
• Devil May Cry HD Collection
• Devilated
• Dicey Dungeons
• Dirt 5
• dirt rally
• Dirt Rally 2.0
• Disaster Band
• Disciples III: Reincarnation
• Disjunction (GOG)
• DISTRAINT 2
• Distrust
• DmC: Devil May Cry
• Do Not Feed the Monkeys
• Don't Be Afraid
• Doomed Lands
• Door Kickers: Action Squad
• Doorways: Prelude
• Downfall
• Dragons Dogma Dark Arisen
• Dragon's Dogma: Dark Arisen
• Drake Hollow
• Draugen
• Draw Slasher
• Drawful 2
• Dreams in the Witch House
• Dreamscaper
• DreamWorks Dragons: Dawn of New Riders
• DreamWorks Dragons: Legends of the Nine Realms
• DRIFT21
• Driftland: The Magic Revival
• drive!drive!drive!
• Drone Swarm
• Due Process
• Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project
• Duke of Alpha Centauri
• Dungeon Rushers
• Dungeons 2
• Dungeons 3
• DUSK
• Dusk Diver
• Dust to the End
• Dynopunk
• Earth Defense Force 4.1 The Shadow of New Despair
• Eastern Exorcist
• Effie
• Eiyuden Chronicle: Rising
• El Matador
• Elderand
• Elderborn
• ELDEST SOULS
• Electrician Simulator
• Elemental Survivors
• Elex
• Elex II
• Elite Dangerous
• Embr
• Empire: Total War - Definitive Edition
• Empyrion - Galactic Survival
• ENCASED: A SCI-FI POST-APOCALYPTIC RPG
• Encodya (GOG)
• Endless Space 2
• Endless Space 2 - Digital Deluxe Edition
• Endless Space® 2 - Digital Deluxe Edition
• Endzone - A World Apart
• Epistory - Typing Chronicles
• Escape the backrooms
• Eternal Threads
• Etherborn
• Europa Universalis IV
• European Ship Simulator
• Everdream Valley
• Evil Genius 2: World Domination
• EXAPUNKS
• Exorder
• EXPEDITIONS: ROME
• Explosionade
• F1 2018
• F1 2019 Anniversary Edition
• F1 2020
• F1 RACE STARS Complete Edition Include DLC
• Fable Anniversary
• Factory Town
• Fallback uprising
• Family Man
• Family Mysteries 3: Criminal Mindset
• Fantasy Blacksmith
• FARMER'S DYNASTY
• Farming Simulator 17
• Farming Simulator 19
• Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Rise of SH1FT3R
• Fell Seal: Arbiter's Mark
• Fictorum
• Field of Glory II
• Fights in Tight Spaces
• Figment
• Filthy Animals Heist Simulator
• Firefighting Simulator - The Squad
• Fishing Adventure
• Flashback
• FLATLAND Vol.2
• FlatOut
• FLING TO THE FINISH
• Floppy Knights
• Fluffy Horde
• FOBIA - ST. DINFNA HOTEL
• For the King
• Forged Battalion
• Forgive me Father
• Forts
• Framed Collection
• Fred3ric
• Fresh Start Cleaning Simulator
• Friends vs Friends
• Frogun
• From Space
• From the Depths
• Frostpunk: Game of the Year Edition
• Frozenheim
• Fun with Ragdolls: The Game
• Funtasia
• Fury Unleashed
• Gamedec - Definitive Edition
• Gang Beasts
• GARAGE bad trip
• Garden Story
• Garfield Kart
• GAS STATION SIMULATOR
• Gelly Break Deluxe
• Genesis Alpha One Deluxe Edition
• Gevaudan
• Ghost Song
• Ghostrunner
• Giana Sisters 2D
• GIGA WRECKER
• Gigantosaurus: Dino Kart
• Glitch Busters: Stuck On You
• Gloria Victis
• Go Home Dinosaurs
• Goat of Duty
• Godlike Burger
• Godstrike
• Going Under
• Golf Gang
• Golf It!
• Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
• Good Knight
• Gotham Knights
• Graveyard Keeper
• GREAK: MEMORIES OF AZUR
• GREEDFALL
• Gremlins, inc
• grey goo
• GRID - 2019
• grid ultimate
• GRIP: Combat Racing
• GRIP: Combat Racing Artifex DLC
• Gungrave G.O.R.E
• Guppy
• Guts and glory
• GYLT
• Hacknet
• HackyZack
• Haegemonia: Legions of Iron
• Hamilton's Great Adventure
• Hammerting
• Hammerwatch
• Hands of Necromancy
• Havsala: Into the Soul Palace
• Headsnatchers
• Heartwood Heroes
• Heat Signature
• Heaven's Vault
• Helheim Hassle
• Hell Let Loose
• Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice
• Hellbound
• Hellpoint
• Hellslave
• Hellstuck: Rage With Your Friends
• Hero of the Kingdom III
• Hero of the Kingdom: The Lost Tales 2
• Heroes of Hammerwatch
• Heros hour
• Hexologic
• Hidden & Dangerous 2: Courage Under Fire
• Hidden & Dangerous: Action Pack
• Hidden Deep
• Hi-Fi Rush
• High On Life
• Hitman (2016) Game of the Year Edition
• HITMAN 2 - Gold Edition
• Hitman: The Complete First Season
• Hoa
• Hob
• Hollow Knight
• Holy Potatoes! A Spy Story?!
• Home Sweet Home
• Home Sweet Home EP2
• Homestead Arcana
• Hood: Outlaws & Legends
• Hoplegs
• Hot Tin Roof: The Cat That Wore A Fedora
• HOT WHEELS UNLEASHED ™
• Hotel Transylvania 3: Monsters Overboard
• Hotel Transylvania: Scary-Tale Adventures
• Hotshot Racing
• House Flipper
• How to Survive 2
• Hue
• Human: Fall Flat
• HUMANKIND DEFINITIVE EDITION
• Hungry Flame
• Hyper Knights
• I am Bread
• I Am Fish
• I am not a Monster: First Contact
• I Hate Running Backwards
• ibb & obb Double Pack
• ICBM
• Ice Age Scrat's Nutty Adventure
• Ice Age: Scrat's Nutty Adventure
• Ice Lakes
• Impostor Factory
• IN SOUND MIND
• Indivisible
• INDUSTRIA
• Infectonator 3: Apocalypse
• Infinite Beyond The Mind
• Injustice 2 Legendary Edition
• Insane 2
• INSOMNIA: The Ark
• Internet Cafe Simulator
• Internet Cafe Simulator 2
• Interstellar Space: Genesis
• Iris and the Giant
• Iron Fisticle
• Iron Harvest
• Ittle Dew
• Ittle Dew 2+
• Jack Move
• Jackbox party pack 2
• Jackbox party pack 5
• JANITOR BLEEDS
• Joint Task Force
• Jotun: Valhalla Edition
• Journey For Elysium
• Journey to the Savage Planet
• JUMANJI: The Video Game
• Jurassic Park: The Game
• Jurassic World Evolution
• Jurassic World Evolution 2
• JUST CAUSE 4: COMPLETE EDITION
• Just Die Already
• Kardboard Kings: Card Shop Simulator
• Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes
• Ken Follett's The Pillars of the Earth
• Kentucky Route Zero - Season Pass Edition
• Kerbal Space Program
• Kill it with Fire
• Killing Floor 2
• Killing Floor 2 Digital Deluxe Edition
• Killing Room
• Kingdom Two Crowns
• Kingdom: New Lands
• King's Bounty: Crossworlds
• Knights of Pen & Paper 2
• Knock-knock
• Koi-Koi Japan [Hanafuda playing cards] *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.1 DLC *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.2 DLC *Koi-Koi Japan : UKIYOE tours Vol.3 DLC
• Konung 2
• KungFu Kickball
• Labyrinthine
• Lair of the Clockwork God
• Laserlife
• Last Kids on Earth and the Staff of Doom
• LAST OASIS
• Lawn Mowing Simulator
• Layers of Fear: Masterpiece Edition
• Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West
• Learn Japanese To Survive! Hiragana Battle
• Learn Japanese To Survive! Katakana War
• Learn Japanese to Survive! Trilogy
• Legend of Keepers
• LEGION TD 2 - MULTIPLAYER TOWER DEFENSE
• LEGION TD 2 - MULTIPLAYER TOWER DEFENSE.
• Leisure Suit Larry - Wet Dreams Don't Dry
• Leisure Suit Larry 1-7
• Lemnis Gate
• Lemon Cake
• lethal league blaze
• Let's School
• Levelhead
• Liberated (GOG)
• Life is Strange Complete Season (Episodes 1-5)
• Light Fairytale Episode 1
• Light Fairytale Episode 2
• LIGHTMATTER
• Little dragons cafe
• Little Hope
• Little Inner Monsters - Card Game
• Little Misfortune
• Little Nightmares
• Little Nightmares Complete Edition
• Livelock
• Loop Hero
• Loot River
• Looterkings
• Lornsword Winter Chronicle
• Lost Castle
• Love Letter
• Lovecraft's Untold Stories
• Lovely planet arcade
• Lucius 2
• Lucius 3
• Ludus
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This is going to be a long thread with thousands of words so unless you're truly interested in what multipathing is, how it works, how it's countered, and how it could be implemented in warthunder, you won't read it all, so i tried to TLDR the best i can at the bottom. The format uses Gemini AI to save my time as well as highlight key points in a Question -> Answer format. The questions are asked in ways that would be observable in game, while also providing realism to the multipath effect. My summarized implementation thoughts will also be TLDR at the bottom.
In radar systems, multipathing refers to the phenomenon where radar signals travel along multiple paths before reaching the target and reflecting back to the radar receiver. This can cause issues like:

• False targets: Reflected signals from objects like buildings or terrain can appear as additional targets on the radar display.
  
• Signal distortion: The combined reflected signals can weaken or distort the original signal, making it difficult to accurately determine the target's range, speed, or position.
  

How do missiles reduce the effect of multipathing on low flying targets?
Missiles themselves don't directly reduce the effect of multipathing on low-flying targets. Multipathing is an issue with the radar guiding the missile, not the missile itself. (Semantically this is right, but missiles that don't have their own radar will have their own countermeasures to multipathing which is discussed later. But on an ARH, the radar is the cause of the problem not the missile, so that along with most BVR missiles having their own radar, is likely why its phrased this way. More on that below)
Here's how radar systems can mitigate multipathing effects on low-flying targets:

• Advanced filtering techniques: Radars can employ signal processing algorithms to distinguish between the true target reflection and unwanted clutter from the ground or other objects.
  
• Pulse-Doppler radar: This type of radar transmits pulses and analyzes the returning signal's Doppler shift to differentiate between stationary clutter (like ground) and moving targets (like aircraft).
  
• Low-lobe antennas: These antennas minimize the radar signal transmitted close to the ground, reducing ground clutter reflections.
  

These techniques help radar systems provide a clearer picture to missiles, enabling them to better track low-flying targets despite multipathing challenges.
Does data link help as well?
Yes, data links can indirectly help reduce the effects of multipathing on low-flying targets for missiles in a couple of ways:

1. Sharing Target Information: Data links allow radar systems on other platforms (aircraft, ground stations) to share target data with the launching platform. This can provide a more complete picture of the target's location and movement, potentially reducing reliance on a single radar potentially affected by multipathing.
   
2. Improved Filtering: Data links can transmit processed radar data, which has already undergone some filtering to remove clutter. This can reduce the workload on the missile's own radar receiver, making it less susceptible to multipathing interference.
   

Older semi active radar missiles didn't have internal radar like more modern active radar missiles, and relied on the radar of the aircraft to guide the missiles. These aircraft usually were not equipped with data link, pulse doppler, or other semi-advanced mitigation techniques for multipathing. Were improvements made to the missiles seeker in order to mitigate multipathing?
You're right, older semi-active radar missiles faced greater challenges with multipathing due to limitations in both the missiles themselves and the launch platforms. Here's how they addressed multipathing to some extent:

• Filtering Techniques: While not as sophisticated as modern filtering, some early semi-active radar seekers incorporated basic filtering methods to differentiate the strongest target return from clutter.
  
• Seeker Design: Some seeker designs prioritized receiving reflected signals from specific target areas, like the top of an aircraft, which might be less susceptible to ground clutter.
  
• Launch Tactics: Launch tactics could involve maneuvers to minimize the missile's flight path over clutter-heavy areas, reducing multipathing effects.
  

Overall, mitigating multipathing in older missiles relied more on filtering within the seeker itself and launch tactics compared to the advanced techniques used in modern systems. These limitations are why semi-active radar missiles often performed better against high-flying targets with less ground clutter interference.
What were some various seeker or filtering types?
Here are some specific seeker and filtering techniques used in older semi-active radar missiles to mitigate multipathing, though they weren't as effective as modern methods:

• Track Gate Filters:** These filters focused on signals within a predicted range and velocity window, rejecting signals outside that area likely caused by multipathing.
  
• Spectral Filtering:** By analyzing the frequency content of the reflected signal, these filters could distinguish between the target's signature and ground clutter based on their spectral characteristics.
  
• Lobing Techniques:** Some seeker antenna designs employed multiple lobes with varying antenna patterns to null out reflections from specific directions (like the ground) while optimizing reception from the target's direction.
  

How do variations like the inverse monopulse seeker relate to this?
Inverse monopulse seekers represent a significant improvement in mitigating multipathing for semi-active radar missiles compared to older designs. Here's how they work:

• Traditional Trackers:** Conventional semi-active seekers compared the strength of the received signal in its entirety. Multipathing could create a stronger overall return signal even if it wasn't directly from the target.

*Inverse Monopulse: This design incorporates two or more antennas within the seeker. It compares the signal strength between these antennas to determine the target's direction rather than relying solely on overall signal strength.
*Multipathing Impact: Even with multipathing, the target's true location will cause a slight directional difference in the signal received by the seeker's antennas. Inverse monopulse can detect this disparity and focus on the target's true direction, effectively filtering out much of the multipathing clutter.
This directional comparison offers a significant advantage over relying on absolute signal strength, making inverse monopulse seekers much more effective in low-altitude environments where multipathing is prevalent.
Is multipathing a significant factor for active radar missiles?
Multipathing has a lesser impact on active radar missiles compared to semi-active radar missiles. Here's why:
-Active missiles have their own radar transmitters and receivers, making them less reliant on reflected signals from the launch platform's radar, which can be susceptible to multipathing.
-They can employ more sophisticated filtering techniques within the missile itself to distinguish the target's signature from clutter caused by multipath reflections.
However, multipathing can still affect active radar missiles to some extent, particularly at low altitudes where ground clutter is more prominent.
What environmental factors can lead to a higher multipath signature?
Several environmental factors can contribute to a higher multipath signature for radar systems:

• Terrain: Rough terrain with mountains, buildings, or other obstacles can create multiple reflection paths for the radar signal, increasing multipathing.
  
• Vegetation: Dense forests or vegetation can absorb and scatter radar signals, leading to more complex reflections and potential multipathing issues.
  
• Weather: Humidity, rain, or snow can refract radar signals, bending them and creating additional propagation paths that contribute to multipathing.
  
• Low Altitude: When a radar operates close to the ground, the signal is more likely to reflect off the ground and surrounding objects, creating more opportunities for multipathing.What environmental factors can lead to a lower multipath signiature?Here's what minimizes multipathing for radar systems:
  
• Flat, Open Terrain: Smooth, unobstructed areas with minimal clutter like buildings or mountains provide a clear path for the radar signal, reducing reflections that cause multipathing.
  
• Sparse Vegetation: Environments with low vegetation density allow the radar signal to travel with fewer obstacles, minimizing signal scattering and potential multipathing.
  
• Dry Weather Conditions: Clear skies with low humidity minimize signal refraction by atmospheric elements, leading to a more direct path and less multipathing.
  
• Higher Altitude: Operating at a higher altitude increases the distance between the radar and ground clutter, reducing the likelihood of ground-reflected signals interfering with the target signal.
  

Does the angular relation between the two aircraft have an effect on the multipath signature?
Yes, the angular relationship between the launching aircraft, the target aircraft, and any reflective objects that cause multipathing can affect the signal received by the radar. Here's why:

• Signal Strength: Depending on the angle, the target aircraft might reflect a stronger or weaker signal back to the radar. This can be crucial for distinguishing the target from background clutter if the multipath signal is significant.
  
• Doppler Shift: The relative angle between the aircraft also affects the Doppler shift of the reflected signal. Missiles and radars use this shift to differentiate moving targets from stationary clutter. In multipath scenarios, a favorable angle can help isolate the target's true Doppler signature.
  
• Signal Cancellation: In some cases, the relative positions can lead to partial or complete cancellation of the target signal by the multipath reflections. This can make it difficult to detect or track the target.
  

What angles would be more difficult to distinguish from a multipath signal?
Angles where the target aircraft and reflective objects are close in line with the radar will be more difficult to distinguish from a multipath signal. This is because:

• Similar Signal Path: When the target and reflector are aligned, the reflected signals from both might travel similar paths to the radar, making it challenging to differentiate based on signal arrival time.
  
• Doppler Shift Similarity: If the target and reflector are moving in similar directions relative to the radar, their Doppler shifts might be comparable, further complicating discrimination between the true target and multipath.
  
• Signal Cancellation: In some cases, the aligned position can lead to destructive interference, where the target's signal and the multipath reflection partially or completely cancel each other out, significantly weakening the target signal received by the radar.
  

Define "target" and "reflector"In the context of radar systems:

• Target: The object of interest that the radar is trying to detect and track. This could be an aircraft, ship, vehicle, or any object the radar needs to locate.
  
• Reflector: Any object in the environment that reflects the radar signal back to the radar receiver. This can include terrain, buildings, trees, or even weather phenomena like rain or snow. Ideally, reflectors are not the objects of interest and can create clutter that makes it difficult to detect the actual target.
  

Would a target flying low and perpendicular to the aircraft be more difficult to detect through multipathing than a target traveling low and directly at the aircraft?
Yes, a target flying low and perpendicular to the launching aircraft could be more difficult to detect through multipathing compared to a target flying directly at the aircraft at low altitude. Here's why:

• Signal Path: When the target is perpendicular, the reflected signal from the target travels a longer path compared to a direct approach. This can make it weaker and potentially more susceptible to cancellation by reflections from closer objects like terrain.
  
• Doppler Shift: The perpendicular target's relative motion creates a less pronounced Doppler shift compared to a head-on approach. This can make it harder to distinguish the target's signature from ground clutter, which might have a similar Doppler shift in this scenario.
  
• Multipath Reinforcements: Depending on the specific geometry, perpendicular flight paths might create multiple reflection points that reinforce each other, further obscuring the true target signal.What are some other multipath reinforcements?Multipath reinforcements occur when multiple reflections of the radar signal combine in a way that strengthens each other, making it even more challenging to detect the true target signal. Here are some additional examples beyond perpendicular flight paths:
  
• Corner Reflectors: Objects with sharp angles or dihedral shapes, like buildings with square corners, can create strong multipath reflections due to efficient signal bouncing between the various surfaces.
  
• Curved Surfaces: Curved objects like domes or spheres can focus radar signals, creating intensified reflections in specific directions that can overwhelm the target signal.
  
• Multiple Reflectors: In cluttered environments with numerous objects like trees in a forest, reflections can bounce back and forth between them, creating a complex web of reinforced multipath signals.
  

Would a target flying low and at the aircraft be harder to detect than a target flying low and directly away from the aircraft? (Test question, intentionally wrong)
No, a target flying low and directly at the aircraft wouldn't necessarily be harder to detect through multipathing compared to a target flying low and directly away. Here's why:

• Similar Multipath Effects: Both scenarios involve low-altitude flight, which means both are susceptible to ground clutter reflections causing multipathing.
  
• Doppler Shift Advantage: In a head-on approach, the target's relative velocity is maximized, leading to a more pronounced Doppler shift. This can actually benefit detection by making the target easier to distinguish from stationary clutter on the ground.
  

However, there are other factors to consider beyond multipathing that might influence target detectability:
-Radar Cross-Section (RCS): An aircraft's RCS depends on its size, shape, and material composition. In some cases, an aircraft's frontal RCS might be larger than its rear RCS, making it more detectable head-on.
-Radar Look Angle: The specific direction the radar antenna is pointed can affect signal strength. If the radar isn't perfectly aligned with either target, detection might be slightly less efficient.
Overall, while multipathing is a concern in both scenarios, a direct head-on approach might offer some advantages for target detection due to the Doppler effect. Other factors like RCS and radar look angle can also play a role.
So to summarize the past few points, aircraft relation plays a significant role in the efficiency of multipathing. Perpendicular and directly-away positions for the target aircraft can lead to stronger multipath signatures compared to a direct head-on approach.
This is because of the factors you mentioned: weaker target signal strength, less distinguishable Doppler shift, and potential for reinforced multipath reflections in certain geometries. In addition to multipathing, chaff is often used to enhance the reflection of radar waves.
Does this also effect pulse doppler radar types?
Yes, chaff can affect pulse doppler (PD) radars to a certain extent, but PD radars are generally more resistant to chaff compared to traditional radars. Here's why:

• Doppler Shift Filtering: PD radars rely on the Doppler shift principle to differentiate between moving targets (like aircraft) and stationary clutter (like chaff). Chaff typically falls through the air at a slow, relatively constant speed, creating a minimal Doppler shift. PD radars can filter out signals with minimal Doppler shifts, reducing the impact of chaff.
  
• Clutter Rejection Techniques: Many PD radars incorporate clutter rejection algorithms that can distinguish between the complex Doppler signature of a target aircraft and the simpler signature of chaff.
  

However, chaff effectiveness can depend on various factors:

• Radar Design: The specific design and processing techniques of a PD radar can influence its susceptibility to chaff.
  
• Deployment Techniques: The way chaff is deployed (quantity, altitude) can affect its effectiveness in overwhelming the radar's filtering capabilities.
  
• Target Range: At close range, the velocity difference between a target and chaff might be smaller, making it more challenging for PD radars to discriminate between them entirely.
  

Overall, pulse doppler radars offer a significant advantage over traditional radars in mitigating the effects of chaff due to their Doppler shift filtering and clutter rejection techniques. However, chaff can still be a factor in certain situations.
Can chaff also increase the multipathing effect due to how it reflects radar waves?
Yes, chaff can indirectly worsen multipathing effects for radar systems. Here's why:

• Multiple Reflectors: Chaff creates additional reflective objects in the environment. These extra reflectors can cause radar signals to bounce around more, creating more opportunities for multipathing.
  
• Complex Signal Reflections: Unlike a clean target return, chaff reflects radar waves in various directions due to its irregular shapes and materials. This can lead to more scattered reflections that contribute to a more complex multipath environment.
  

While chaff itself isn't the direct cause of multipathing (which is caused by signal bouncing off objects in the environment), its presence significantly increases the number and complexity of reflections, making it harder for radars to distinguish the true target signal from the clutter caused by multipathing.
Would that also increase the effectiveness of chaff against a pulse doppler radar, since the chaff itself has a relatively low doppler shift?
The effect isn't as straightforward. Here's why adding to the complexity of multipathing with chaff might not necessarily increase its effectiveness against pulse doppler radars:

• PD Filters Focus: Pulse doppler filters primarily target stationary clutter based on minimal Doppler shift. While chaff introduces more reflections, PD radars are designed to handle complex clutter environments.
  
• Doppler Differentiation: Even with increased multipathing, the actual target aircraft will still have its own distinct Doppler signature due to its movement. PD radars can potentially isolate this signature from the chaff clutter.
  

However, there can be some indirect effects:

• Processing Load: The increased complexity from multipath due to chaff can overload PD radar processing in some situations, making it temporarily harder to isolate the target signal.
  
• Reduced Signal-to-Noise Ratio: More chaff reflections can contribute to a higher noise level, reducing the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the target return. This can make it slightly more difficult to detect the target.
  

Overall, while chaff can add to the challenge for PD radars by worsening multipathing, their core functionality of filtering based on Doppler shift makes them generally more resilient to chaff compared to traditional radars.
So basically, chaffing while minimizing the targets doppler shift by flying perpendicular to the aircraft would be ideal, and it would potentially have a more pronounced effect down low?
There are some nuances to consider:

• Perpendicular Approach: While a perpendicular approach can minimize the target's relative velocity and Doppler shift, it might not be the most practical flight path during combat maneuvers.
  
• Doppler Shift Not Eliminated: Even perpendicular motion won't entirely eliminate the target's Doppler shift. Some shift will still be present due to the aircraft's own internal movements and the non-zero closing velocity between the two aircraft.
  
• Low-Altitude Advantage: Chaff is generally more effective at lower altitudes where ground clutter can further complicate the radar picture for the opponent.
  
• Combined Tactics: The ideal strategy might involve a combination of tactics like deploying chaff, executing maneuvers to reduce Doppler signature, and potentially using terrain masking to reduce radar exposure.
  

Remember, chaff effectiveness is situational and depends on various factors. While the perpendicular approach can reduce Doppler shift and potentially aid chaff in confusing the radar, it's one element of a broader electronic countermeasures strategy.
TLDR
Given the above information, we can summarize that a more realistic implementation of multipathing would generate a significant advance in tactical approach in the game. The multipathing effect could be refined on a per map basis, and similar to the front line mechanic, it could be worse in certain areas. For example, depending on plane aspect you may be able to multipath easier. If you're flying over a city, mountains, etc the radar signal would be more likely to have an unstable return than over water, or plains. In addition, an aircraft flying high should have an ability to mitigate multipathing, reducing it further due to the radar waves being too weak by the time they reach the aircraft for the radar to prioritize it, while low flying aircraft would be recieving more multipathing due to their own sidelobe energy being detected as noise. Also, modes like TWS would be more susceptible due to them having to use more power to sustain and monitor each track. The perpendicular approach, or notching, would also increase the multipath effect as well as other modifiers such as chaff, being in a "multipath zone" such as a city, mountains or other rough terrain, as well as the altitude of each aircraft and their position. Multipathing could have a base effect, and depending on these factors, modifiers could be placed in addition to raise the value of the multipathing in a dynamic way. This would eliminate gripen invulnerability, and other OP flight models. Airfields could be spawn protection 100% multipath, OR [hear me out] it follows the same logic as the rest of the map with addition of new airbase defense systems with a larger range and attack pattern that can engage enemy fighters as well as the missiles they shoot. A dedicated type for each role could even be added to make simulator a more immersive environment and add a new "final boss" for my fellow 'virtual weasels' to play with. The multipathing base could also be reduced incrementally, so early SARH with monopulse seekers are slightly worse than ARH but better than late SARH, which is still better than the Early first generations of SARH. This allows realism, the inclusion of MP as a valid tactic, solves OP modeling rushes, Airfield camping, and forces the players to evolve based on the situation, map, and number of enemies to exploit and explore the entirety of the map. Currently corners and sides going fairly unflown due to SARH being ineffective outside of 10km and having to be nose hot, causing a large number to lock someone on launch and proceed to overfly the entire map just to fight a mig who was in a fight by his spawn to get that one missile off, because of multipathing. 128 kilometers is small enough, but right now the player base in its current meta state probably uses less than 80 km² due to the fundamentals at work, so it feels even more cramped. There's loads more but I will leave the rest up to your speculation. Here's hoping for change

As promised in this post, here is my writeup of Matt Mills’ 12-week powerlifting/strongman hybrid program.
General program description
This is a 12-week program broken into three 4-week blocks. It has no deloads though it uses DUP and has lighter days sprinkled throughout. Squat, bench, and deadlift are constant throughout, and accessories/strongman events change each block. Log is also present the entire time, though Matt notes that you can certainly substitute axle, particularly if you have it in an upcoming competition.
I think the most interesting thing about this program is the general template that he developed for harmonizing powerlifting, strongman, and some bodybuilding pump work. It looks like this:
Squat day
Squat
Squat variation
Loaded carry
Unilateral movement
Sled
Bench day
Bench
Bench variation
Row
Pec accessory
Bis/tris/rear delt circuit
Deadlift day
Deadlift
Loaded carry
Stone or keg load
GHR
Abs
Press day
Log C&P (can sub axle or press-away)
Strict vertical push
Vertical pull
Delt accessory
Bis/tris/rear delt circuit
You may note that the squat/bench/deadlift/press split is pretty common for strength programs; for example, 5/3/1, Juggernaut, Average to Savage, GZCL, and so on. If for whatever reason you didn’t want to run this program as-is, I think the template is super adaptable. You could swap in the main lift programming from one of the other programs I mentioned. You could choose the main lift variations to specifically target your own weaknesses. You can vary the accessories infinitely, and rotate in different strongman events. You could add a fifth day and get some extra bench volume or cardio. No matter what, I think you’ll have a solid program.
My progress
First off, I had a lot of factors throwing off my consistency while training, just due to California in 2020 being what it is. Gym regulations were constantly changing, with me relegated to my garage for part of this program. Forest fires and literally hazardous air quality made training strongman less fun/feasible for a while. My cancelled powerlifting meet got un-cancelled in the middle of this, I hastily started the Barbell Medicine peaking program, then my meet was re-cancelled and I was back on this. I did a YOLO unsanctioned strongman meet after week 8 (of a 12 week program lololol) and was kind of unmotivated for the last block. I was doing BJJ in the evenings, then I couldn’t do BJJ anymore, then I found a cohorting group off Down To Roll and was doing outdoor no-gi 12-minute rounds in masks between strength training sessions. OMG you guys 2020 is so wild; I never thought I’d be meeting randos on the internet for a garage fight club but here we are. Anyway none of this is excuses at all, I’m just saying that any lack of progress or results can’t be attributed squarely to Matt’s program because everything is a shitshow right now.
Because of that, and because we’re all so sick of talking about the global pandemic, I don’t want to get into the day-to-day stuff and specific modifications that I made, though if you have particular questions feel free to ask.
I hit two PRs that I am proud of: 175 lb stone to 48”, then as part of a stone series. And a 132 lb log clean & press, a lift I have missed twice in competition. I hit farmer’s carry 50’ with 155 lb handle each hand which must be a PR. Most of the strongman events were new to me or things I’ve just messed around on once or twice. I was introduced to distance Husafell which is just so awful, I hope I never have this in competition. I didn’t hit any powerlifting PRs but I think I’m at a point that I need to do an explicitly powerlifting-focused program with an arc of periodization toward peaking to get new 1RMs.
Review
First off, this program is fun as hell. I loved all the variation and I was really excited to go to the gym and train. There’s enough consistency to progress but without getting bored and I always left with a great pump.
I had a strict 2 hour time cap to complete my sessions; due to gyms having to be at reduced capacity we have reservation slots. This should theoretically be fine but setting up for strongman events and then putting everything away can take forever, plus I have to sanitize all the equipment I use. That said, so long as I was focused and I moved through my workout with purpose I had little problem completing my sessions. Upper body days generally only took an hour and a half so I could sometimes move a missed sled push or something to one of those.
For the power lifts, going from RPE with backdowns to percentages with straight sets was an adjustment for me, though the prescribed percentages are super reasonable. Sometimes to save time I would do backoffs instead of straight sets so that I could take shorter rest periods. Also, if the weights seem too light to you in the beginning, bear in mind that you will build on them in subsequent blocks.
I was hoping that strongman programming would make me feel more “in shape” than just powerlifting. It definitely does, though it's somewhere in between powerlifting and Crossfit (I’M SORRY I LOVE CROSSFIT OK). Nonetheless it felt good to move and sweat instead of just grinding with static lifts. It also turns out that high reps of log clean and press (cleaning every rep) fucking gasses me.
Biggest caveat for this program is that, to do it exactly as written, you need a TON of specialized equipment. I think I used every specialty bar and every single thing in my gym, down to the bench blokz and fat gripz and (swear to god) arm blaster harness. Now obviously you can wing it if you’re comfortable messing with your training templates. If you can’t do SSB high box squats with chains of course you can do high bar pause squats or pin squats instead and you’re not going to lose all your gains and render this program worthless. But if your setup is particularly humble this might not be the program for you. If you tend to do “Strongman Saturday” or something where you only have access to implements once a week, you’ll definitely want to pick a different program because events are spread out to pretty much every day.
In any case, chances are that you will not be able to do the program EXACTLY as written unless you train at Matt’s gym so you will need some ability to think for yourself and adjust. My gym is pretty damn stacked. But for example, I can only load the five lightest stones (95-115-130-145-175), and there are separate days for “light fast stone series” and “heavy stone series”, so I had to figure out a way to adjust. But to reiterate, are those small changes going to completely fuck up any hope of progress? Absolutely not.
What’s next?
If you want to do a continuation of this program, Matt is doing quarterly programming for Strengthlete Collective. After some deliberation I decided to start the Strongman 202 program from Deuce Athletics for the time being. I found that I had the most fun doing the main lift variations on this program (I’m feeling kind of burnt out on the competition power lifts), so I thought maybe a conjugate method for strongman could be fun. This is actually a hybrid of conjugate, strongman, and heavy Crossfit which I am so stoked on! But I may come back to this template for more consistency and progression leading up to my February competition.
Any further questions feel free to ask!